Pra Desain Pabrik Purifikasi Garam Rakyat Menjadi Garam Farmasi

Sari, Afri Kurnia and Bilqis, Natasa Nurul (2021) Pra Desain Pabrik Purifikasi Garam Rakyat Menjadi Garam Farmasi. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Garam farmasi menurut Farmakope merupakan garam yang digunakan untuk bahan-bahan medis dan obat-obatan. Pharmaceutical salt (garam farmasi) dengan kadar NaCl diatas 99,5% dan impuritis mendekati 0 serta dengan kandungan pengotor seperti Ca dan Mg < 50 ppm, sulfat < 150 ppm serta tidak adanya logam berat lainnya. Garam rakyat yang diproduksi petani garam biasanya memiliki kemurnian 80% perlu diberdayakan oleh industri pengolahan garam agar dapat ditingkatkan kualitasnya sehingga memenuhi persayaratan sebagai garam farmasi. Indonesia memiliki potensi sumber daya alam perairan yang sangat besar. Potensi perairan ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan dasar produksi komoditi garam (NaCl). Dengan adanya pengembangan di dunia industri, diharapkan negara kita dapat menjadi negara yang mandiri karena tidak lagi bergantung pada industri-industri di luar negeri. Lokasi yang dipilih untuk mendirikan pabrik garam farmasi ini ditetapkan berada di Gapura Barat, Kabupaten Sumenep, Madura. Garam farmasi ini diolah dari bahan baku garam rakyat dengan menggunakan metode proses Vacuum Pan. Terdapat 3 tahapan yang harus dilakukan sebelum dihasilkan produk garam farmasi sesuai dengan standart (kemurnian > 99,5%). Tahapan yang pertama dilakukan adalah tahap pemurnian dimana garam rakyat dilarutkan dan dihilangkan impuritisnya berupa Na, Ca, Mg menggunakan bahan kimia. Selanjutnya Larutan garam dari unit pemurnian dipekatkan untuk menaikkan konsentrasi larutan garam tersebut dengam menggunakan double effect evaporator hingga mencapai kondisi saturated brine. Larutan garam yang telah dipekatkan di double effect evaporator kemudian dipompakan menuju vacuum pan crystallizer V-220. Hasil dari vacuum pan crystallizer yang berupa slurry dialirkan menuju centrifuge H-317 untuk proses pemisahan. Selanjutnya adalah proses pengendalian produk yakni kristal natrium klorida dihaluskan menggunakan crusher C-326 dan dipisahkan ukurannya menggunakan screen H-327 hingga ukuran 50 mesh. Untuk dapat mendirikan pabrik dengan kapasitas 15.000 ton/tahun dengan waktu operasi 330 hari kerja diperlukan CAPEX (Capital Expenditure) yaitu yang terdiri dari biaya langsung (Direct Cost, DC) dan biaya tak langsung (Indirect Cost, IC) sebesar Rp 175.305.635.446,52, OPEX (Operating Expanditure) terdiri dari biaya pembuatan (Manufacturing Cost, MC) dan biaya Pengeluaran Umum (General Expenses, GE) sebesar Rp 93.242.003.928,72, diperoleh nilai IRR 16,55% , POT 3,16 tahun, dan NPV sebesar 610.414.876.927 (positif). Sehingga berdasarkan analisa-analisa yang telah dilakukan, pabrik urea ini layak untuk didirikan.
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Pharmaceutical salt according to Farmkope is salt for medicines and medical materials. Pharmaceutical salt contains NaCl above 99,5%, has impurities near to 0 also Ca and Mg < 50 ppm, sulfate <150 ppm, and no heavy metal contents. Coarse salt that salt farmers were produced usually have purity around 80%, therefore, need salt processing so the quality of salt increase then fulfills requirements to be pharmaceutical salt. Indonesia has enormous potential for the aquatic natural resource. This potential can be beneficial as the production fundamental material salt commodity (NaCl). With the development in the industrial world, our country is expected to become independent also no longer depend on the foreign industry. Selected location to establish pharmaceutical salt plant set to be in Gapura Barat, Kabupaten Sumenep, Madura. This pharmaceutical salt is processed from coarse salt by using the Vaccum Pan process method. There are three stages to do before pharmaceutical salt is produced according to standard (purity >99,5%). The first stage is purification which coarse salt were dissolved and removed impurities such as Na, Ca, Mg using chemical materials then salt solution from the purification unit was concentrated to raise the concentration by using Double Effect Evaporator and was pumped to the Vaccum Pan Crystallizer V-220. Result from Vaccum Pan Crystallizer as slurry flows to the centrifuge H-317 for the separation process. The next process is the product control process, natrium chloride crystal was mashed by Crusher C-326 and be divided based on the size using Screen H-237 to 50 mesh size. This pharmaceutical salt plant is established with a capacity of 15000 tons/year and 330 workdays as operation time, has CAPEX (Capital Expenditure) Rp 175305635446,52 consists of direct cost (DC) and indirect cost (IC), OPEX ( Operating Expenditure) Rp 93242.003928,72 consists of manufacturing cost (MC) and general expenses (GE), IRR (Internal Rate of Return) 16,55%, POT (Pay Out Time) 3,16 years and NPV (Net Present Value) 610414876927 (positive) so that based on analyzes that have been carried out, this pharmaceutical salt feasible to be established.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Pharmaceutical Salt, Coarse Salt , NaCl, Vaccum Pan, Garam Farmasi, Garam Rakyat, NaCl, Vacum Pan
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Afri Kurnia Sari
Date Deposited:	20 Aug 2021 06:32
Last Modified:	20 Aug 2021 06:32
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/87885

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