Zuhroh, Saiyyidah Tus (2021) Hidrolisis Sabut Kelapa Menjadi Gula Reduksi Secara Enzimatis Melalui Pretreatment Sonikasi Dan Air Subkritis Dengan Penambahan Surfaktan. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kebutuhan bahan bakar fosil terus meningkat namun persediaannya semakin
berkurang. Produksi bahan bakar fosil dapat dikurangi dengan meningkatkan
bahan bakar nabati. Salah satu sumber bahan baku produksi bahan bakar nabati
yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah sabut kelapa karena bahan ini mengandung
selulosa dan hemiselulosa yang dapat dihidrolisis menjadi gula. Hidrolisis dengan
kombinasi air subkritis dan proses enzimatis dapat menghasilkan gula reduksi
yang relatif tinggi. Namun kelemahan metode ini adalah menghasilkan produk
derivat seperti senyawa furfural dan fenolik yang bertindak sebagai inhibitor
sehingga menyebabkan yield gula pereduksi menurun. Salah satu upaya efektif
untuk mengatasi kekurangan tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan proses
pretreatment gelombang ultrasonik sebagai metode yang dapat meningkatkan
efektivitas proses produksi gula reduksi dan mempercepat reaksi hidrolisis.
Penambahan aditif dalam proses pretreatment air subkritis merupakan upaya lain
untuk menghambat pembentukan inhibitor dan oleh karena itu gula reduksi yang
lebih tinggi dapat diperoleh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui
pengaruh pretreatment sonikasi, dan pengaruh penambahan aditif terhadap
pretreatment air subkritis serta untuk mendapatkan kondisi operasi optimum
proses air subkritis dalam memproduksi gula reduksi. Proses sonikasi dilakukan
dengan cara mendispersikan 40 mesh serbuk sabut kelapa dalam air ultrasonik
pada suhu 60oC, frekuensi 35 Hz dan waktu sonikasi (10 dan 30 menit). Dalam
penelitian ini optimasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan eksperimen
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Box-Behnken dengan 3 faktor dan tiga
level. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi proses air subkritis yang diteliti adalah
suhu (130, 150,170oC), waktu (40, 60, 80 menit), dan konsentrasi aditif
(1%,2%,3%). Setelah pretreatment air subkritis, percobaan hidrolisis enzimatik
selama 48 jam dilakukan dengan menggunakan enzim selulase dan xilanase yang
ditambahkan ke suspensi sabut kelapa dalam buffer sitrat pada pH 5,5. Hidrolisis
enzimatis dibantu dengan Natrium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) dan Tween 80. Selain
itu, untuk mencegah kontaminasi mikroba selama hidrolisis, antibiotik tetrasiklin
dimasukkan ke dalam suspensi. Konsentrasi gula reduksi yang dihasilkan baik
dari pretreatment air subkritis, dan hidrolisis enzimatis dianalisa dengan
menggunakan metode kolorimetri dengan menggunakan reagen dinitrosalicylic
acid (DNS). Sedangkan karakteristik padatan sabut kelapa sebelum dan sesudah
pengolahan air subkritis, serta setelah sonikasi dianalisis menggunakan X-Ray
Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform
Infra-Red (FTIR) dan Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) digunakan untuk
mengetahui kandungan lignoselulosa padatan sabut kelapa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa optimasi rendemen gula reduksi yang diperoleh dari proses
air subkritis yaitu 0,1170 g/g. Hal ini dicapai dengan penambahan SDS sebesar
2,373% pada waktu reaksi dan suhu masing-masing 77,5758 menit dan 170oC.
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Currently,The need of fossil fuel is increasing while its supply decreasing.
Fossil fuel production can be reduced by increasing biofuels. One of the biofuel
production raw material that can be used is coconut husk as this material contains
cellulose and hemicellulose, which can be hydrolyzed into sugar. The hydrolysis
using a combination of subcritical water and enzymatic process can produce
relatively high reducing sugars. However, the disadvantage of this method is the
production derivative products, such as furfural and phenolic compounds that act
as inhibitor in the subsequent process. This will further reducing sugar yield. One
of the effective attempts to alleviate this disadvantage is to use the ultrasonic
wave pretreatment process as a pretreatment method, which can increase the
effectiveness of yield reducing sugar production process and accelerate the
hydrolysis reaction. The introduction of an additive in the subcritical water
pretreatment process is another effort to inhibit the formation of inhibitors and
therefore higher reducing sugar could be obtained. The purposes of this study
were to investigate the effect of sonication pretreatment, and the effect of additive
introduction on the subcritical water pretreatment as well as to obtain the optimum
operating condition of subcritical water process in producing reducing sugar. The
sonication process was done by dispersing 40 mesh coconut husk powder in water
ultrasonic at 60oC, frequency is 35 kHz and time (10 and 30 minutes). In this
research, the optimization was done by using Box-Behnken response surface
methodology (RSM) experimental design with 3 factors and three levels. The
investigated influencing factors in subcritical water process were temperature
(130,150 170oC), time (40, 60,80 minutes), and additive concentration (1,2,3%).
Following subcritical water pretreatment, 48-hour enzymatic hydrolysis
experiments were done using cellulase and xylanase enzyme cocktail which were
added to coconut husk suspension in citrate buffer at pH 5.5. The enzymatic
hydrolysis was aided with sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) and tween 80. In
addition, to prevent microbial contamination during the hydrolysis, an antibiotic
tetracycline was introduced into the suspension. The concentrations of reducing
sugar produced both from the subcritical water pretreatment, and the enzymatic
hydrolysis were determined using colometry method by using the dinitrosalicylic
acid (DNS) reagent. Meanwhile, coconut husk solids characteristic prior to and
following the subcritical water treatment, as well as after sonication were
analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),
Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) technique was used to determine lignocellulosic content of coconut husk solids.
The results of this study showed that the optimazation reducing sugar yield
obtained from the subcritical water process was 0,1170 w/w. This was achieved
with the addition of SDS of 2,373%, at reaction time and temperature of 77,5758
minutes, and 170oC, respectively.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Air subkritis, Hidrolisis enzimastis, Sabut kelapa, Sonikasi, Zat aditif, Additives, Coconut husk, Sonication, Enzymatic hydrolysis, Subcritical water. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP339 Ethanol as fuel. Biomass energy. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP382 Sugar--Analysis. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | saiyyidah tus zuhroh |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Aug 2021 16:59 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Aug 2021 16:59 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/87907 |
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