Soedarmodjo, Thea Prastiwi (2021) Studi Produktivitas Biomassa dan Lipid dari Penggunaan Nutrien Komersial dalam Kultur Mikroalga Botryococcus braunii Termutasi Sinar UV-C. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kebutuhan Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT) di Indonesia terus mengalami kenaikan seiring dengan berkurangnya bahan bakar fosil. Pemerintah memanfaatkan Bahan Bakar Nabati (BBN) sebagai opsi penyediaan EBT. Salah satu jenis BBN berbasis biofuel yang telah diterapkan adalah biodiesel. Mikroalga penghasil lipid memiliki potensi karena lipid dapat dikonversi menjadi biodisel. Mikroalga air laut dapat tumbuh bebas di pantai sehingga lahan pertumbuhannya tidak berkompetisi dengan tanaman lain, serta memiliki kecepatan pertumbuhan yang jauh lebih tinggi dibanding tanaman penghasil lipid yang tubuh di darat seperti kelapa sawit dan jarak pagar. Didukung dengan kondisi geografis Indonesia yang mempunyai garis pantai terpanjang di dunia (lebih dari 80 ribu Km), budidaya mikroalga penghasil lipid dalam rangka pengadaan biodisel sangat layak untuk dikembangkan. Akan tetapi kecilnya kandungan lipid dalam kondisi normal serta daya tahan terhadap perubahan suhu menjadi kendala bagi budidaya mikroalga yang perlu diatasi.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan produktifitas lipid mikroalga air laut B. braunii melalui optimasi kondisi operasi baik strain alami maupun termutasi. Mikroalga B. braunii termutasi sinar UV-C dibudidaya dalam media nutrien komersial berupa kombinasi dari pupuk pertanian ZA (ammonium sulfat), Urea, dan TSP (triple super phophate). Perbandingan antara mikroalga alami dengan mikroalga termutasi sinar UV-C akan dilakukukan untuk melihat hasil lipidnya. Pengaruh penggunaan nutrien komersial berupa pupuk organik sebagai sumber nutrien makro pada lipid yang dihasilkan juga dibandingkan dengan mikroalga B. braunii yang terkultur dalam media nutrien Walne sebagai nutrien bahan kimia kelas analitik. Hal ini sebagai persiapan pembuatan biodiesel yang efektif diaplikasikan pada budidaya mikroalga skala besar.
Pada penelitian ini didapatkan mikroalga B. braunii menunjukkan pertumbuhan sel yang baik saat dikultur dalam nutrien komersil, sehingga penggunaan nutrien komersil dalam kultur mikroalga dapat menggantikan nutrien analitis seperti nutrien Walne. Pada kultur mikroalga B. braunii alami dan termutasi UV-C, penggunaan nutrien “A” memberikan hasil pertumbuhan yang terbaik. Produktivitas biomassa terbaik dihasilkan oleh miroalga B. braunii alami yang dikultur dalam nutrien “B”. Proses mutasi dapat meningkatkan kadar lipid yang dihasilkan oleh mikroalga B. braunii dalam berbagai medium nutrien. Kadar lipid terbaik dihasilkan oleh miroalga B. braunii termutasi UV-C yang dikultur dalam nutrien “D”. Produktivitas lipid terbaik dihasilkan oleh miroalga B. braunii termutasi UV-C yang dikultur dalam nutrien “D”. Meskipun pada nutrisi berbasis ammonium sulfat, produktivitas lipid B. braunii tidak berubah secara signifikan setelah mutasi dengan sinar UV-C, penggunaan urea sebagai nutrisi utama justru meningkatkan kandungan lipid dan produktivitas lipid mikroalga B. braunii.
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The need for New Renewable Energy (EBT) in Indonesia continues to increase along with the reduction in fossil fuels. The government utilizes Biofuel (BBN) as an option for the provision of EBT. One type of biofuel-based biofuel that has been applied is biodiesel. Lipid-producing microalgae have potential because lipids can be converted into biodiesel. Marine microalgae can grow freely on the coast so that their growth area does not compete with other plants, and has a much higher growth rate than land-based lipid-producing plants such as oil palm and jatropha. Supported by the geographical condition of Indonesia which has the longest coastline in the world (more than 80 thousand km), the cultivation of lipid-producing microalgae in the context of procuring biodiesel is very feasible to be developed. However, the low lipid content under normal conditions and resistance to temperature changes are obstacles for microalgae cultivation that need to be overcome.
The purpose of this study was to increase the lipid productivity of marine microalgae B. braunii through optimization of operating conditions for both native and mutated strains. Microalgae B. braunii mutated by UV-C light was cultivated in commercial nutrient media in the form of a combination of agricultural fertilizers ZA (ammonium sulfate), Urea, and TSP (triple super phophate). Comparison between native microalgae and UV-C mutated microalgae was carried out to see the lipid yield. The effect of using commercial nutrients in the form of organic fertilizers as a source of macronutrients on the resulting lipids was also compared with microalgae B. braunii cultured in Walne nutrient media as analytical grade chemical nutrients. This was a preparation for making biodiesel which was effective for large-scale microalgae cultivation.
In this study, microalgae B. braunii showed good cell growth when cultured in commercial nutrients, so that the use of commercial nutrients in microalgae culture could replace analytical nutrients such as Walne nutrients. In the culture of natural and UV-C mutated B. braunii, the use of nutrient “A” gave the best growth results. The best biomass productivity was produced by native B. braunii cultured in nutrient “B”. The mutation process could increase the levels of lipids produced by microalgae B. braunii in various nutrient mediums. The best lipid content was produced by UV-C mutated B. braunii cultured in nutrient “D”. The best lipid productivity was produced by UV-C mutated B. braunii cultured in nutrient “D”. Although in ammonium sulfate-based nutrition, the lipid productivity of B. braunii did not change significantly after mutation with UV-C light, the use of urea as the main nutrient actually increased the lipid content and lipid productivity of B. braunii.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | mikroalga, Botryococcus braunii, mutasi, UV-C, nutrien komersial microalgae, Botryococcus braunii, mutation, UV-C, commercial nutrients |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Thea Prastiwi Soedarmodjo |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Aug 2021 01:30 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Aug 2021 01:30 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/87920 |
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