Karakterisasi Unjuk Kerja Sistem Dual Fuel Syngas Hasil Gasifikasi RDF Dan Dexlite Pada Generator Set Mesin Diesel Stasioner

Dinanda, Ivan (2021) Karakterisasi Unjuk Kerja Sistem Dual Fuel Syngas Hasil Gasifikasi RDF Dan Dexlite Pada Generator Set Mesin Diesel Stasioner. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Defisit antara konsumsi dan produksi minyak bumi di Indonesia semakin lama akan semakin meningkat. Permasalahan tersebut membutuhkan kemampuan penanganan dengan cara menciptakan energi alternatif. Salah satu energi alternatif yang dapat diciptakan adalah mengubah sampah dalam bentuk briket Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) dan diproses melalui gasifikasi sehingga menghasilkan syngas. Syngas yang dihasilkan dengan proses gasifikasi dapat diaplikasikan ke motor pembakaran dalam. Mesin yang menggunakan dua jenis bahan bakar yang berbeda wujudnya disebut sebagai dual fuel. Pada diesel dual fuel dengan bahan bakar dexlite dan syngas hasil gasifikasi Refused Derived Fuel, syngas dimasukkan ke ruang bakar melalui intake manifold, sehingga syngas bercampur dengan udara yang masuk pada ruang bakar. Sistem dual fuel umumnya mengalami permasalahan pada berkurangnya rasio udara dan bahan bakar. Jumlah udara pembakaran menjadi berkurang disebabkan adanya pemasukan syngas pada intake, hal tersebut menyebabkan AFR menjadi lebih rendah. AFR yang rendah menyebabkan terjadinya campuran yang kaya bahan bakar, sehingga effisiensi thermal menjadi lebih rendah karena bahan bakar tidak terbakar secara menyeluruh. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian dipasang blower sebagai penambah suplai udara masuk. Dengan penambahan suplai udara masuk diharapkan performa dan efisiensi dari mesin diesel meningkat.
Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan proses pemasukan aliran syngas yang dihasilkan gasifier downdraft refused derived fuel ke dalam intake dari mesin diesel yang dihubungkan ke generator secara langsung. Syngas dialirkan secara langsung dari reaktor menuju mixer venturi pada saluran intake dari mesin diesel. Pengujian dilaksanakan dengan putaran mesin konstan pada 2200RPM dengan pembebanan listrik yang bervariasi dimulai dari 500 watt hingga 7000 watt dengan interval 500 watt. Keberadaan syngas pada ruang bakar menyebabkan jumlah udara pembakaran menjadi berkurang sehingga perlu ditambahkan blower untuk menambah suplai udara pembakaran. Blower diatur kecepatannya dengan cara mengatur arus listrik menggunakan dimmer sehingga dihasilkan variasi mass flow rate yaitu: 0,0068 kg/s; 0,0073 kg/s; 0,0078 kg/s; 0,0083 kg/s dan 0,0088 kg/s. Mass flow rate dapat diukur dengan membaca tekanan udara pada manometer digital yang terhubung dengan pitot tube. Pengukuran dilakukan terhadap: arus dan tegangan listrik tiap pembebanan, waktu konsumsi bahan bakar dexlite 10 ml, temperatur operasi: gas buang, oli mesin, pendingin radiator dan temperatur mesin serta debit syngas yang masuk ke ruang bakar.
Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah pada sistem dual-fuel syngas dapat mengurangi konsumsi dexlite tertinggi sebesar 43.45% pada pembebanan 5000 Watt dengan variasi massflow rate 0,0088 kg/s. Nilai specific fuel consumption (sfc) dexlite pada sistem dual fuel rata-rata terbesar terdapat pada variasi massflow rate 0,0068 kg/s yaitu mengalami kenaikan sebesar 85.39% dibandingkan single-fuel. Nilai efisiensi termal sistem dual-fuel dari semua variasi massflow rate mengalami penurunan sebesar 21,57% dari standar dexlite single-fuel. Kondisi operasi mesin mengalami kenaikan suhu pada suhu oli rata-rata sebesar 3,20%, radiator rata-rata sebesar 0,94%, mesin rata-rata sebesar 1,90 % dan gas buang rata-rata sebesar 4,97% pada pengoperasian sistem dual fuel.
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The deficit between consumption and production of petroleum in Indonesia will increase over time. These problems require the ability to handle by creating alternative energy. One alternative energy that can be created is converting waste into the form of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) briquettes and processed through gasification to produce syngas. Syngas produced by the gasification process can be applied to internal combustion engines. Engines that use two different types of fuel are known as dual fuel. The dual fuel diesel system is diesel driven by using two types of fuel, namely gas fuel and diesel fuel as pilot fuel. In dual fuel diesel with dexlite fuel and syngas from gasification of Refused Derived Fuel, syngas is fed into the combustion chamber through the intake manifold, so that the syngas mixes with the air entering the combustion chamber. Dual fuel systems generally experience problems with reduced air to fuel ratios. The amount of combustion air is reduced due to the inclusion of syngas in the intake, this causes the AFR to be lower. A low AFR causes a mixture that is rich in fuel, so that the thermal efficiency is lower because the fuel is not completely burned. Therefore, in this study, a blower was installed as an addition to the intake air supply. With the addition of the intake air supply, it is expected that the performance and efficiency of the diesel engine will increase.
This research was conducted experimentally with the process of entering syngas flow produced by a downdraft refused derived fuel gasifier into the intake of a diesel engine which is connected to a generator directly. Syngas is flowed directly from the reactor to the venturi mixer at the intake line of the diesel engine. The test was carried out with constant engine speed at 2200RPM with varying electrical loads starting from 500 watts to 7000 watts with 500 watt intervals. The presence of syngas in the combustion chamber causes the amount of combustion air to decrease so it is necessary to add a blower to increase the supply of combustion air. The speed of the blower is regulated by adjusting the electric current using a dimmer so that it produces variations in the mass flow rate, namely: 0.0068 kg/s; 0.0073 kg/s; 0.0078 kg/s; 0.0083 kg/s and 0.0088 kg/s. Mass flow rate can be measured by reading the air pressure on a digital manometer connected to the pitot tube on the air intake duct. Measurements were made on: electric current and voltage for each loading, fuel consumption time of 10 ml dexlite, operating temperature: exhaust gas, engine oil, radiator coolant and engine temperature and syngas discharge entering the combustion chamber.
The results obtained from this study are the dual-fuel syngas system can reduce the highest dexlite consumption by 43.45% at 5000 Watt loading with a massflow rate variation of 0.0088 kg/s. The value of specific fuel consumption (sfc) dexlite in the dual fuel system on average is the largest in the variation of the massflow rate of 0.0068 kg/s, which is an increase of 85.39% compared to single-fuel. The thermal efficiency value of the dual-fuel system from all variations of the massflow rate decreased by 21.57% from the standard single-fuel dexlite. The engine operating conditions experienced an increase in temperature at an average oil temperature of 3.20%, an average radiator of 0.94%, an average engine of 1.90% and an average exhaust gas of 4.97% in operation. dual fuel system.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	AFR, diesel dual fuel, RDF, syngas
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ324.5 Fuel systems T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ799 Diesel motor--Electronic control. T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL229.D5 Diesel automobiles
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Ivan Dinanda
Date Deposited:	23 Aug 2021 13:50
Last Modified:	23 Aug 2021 13:50
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/88964

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