Pra Desain Pabrik Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) dari Porang

Pasaribu, Mathilda Jowito and Romaji, Berlina Yunita Sari (2021) Pra Desain Pabrik Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) dari Porang. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Poly lactic acid atau disingkat PLA merupakan termoplastik biodegradable turunan dari sumber daya terbarukan. Kebutuhan dunia akan plastik yang terus meningkat diiringi dengan pencemaran lingkungan akan plastik yang juga terus meningkat, membuat PLA menjadi alternatif baik pengganti plastik non-degradable seperti PET, PP dan PS. Selain membantu mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan, PLA dapat membantu mengurangi penggunaan sumber daya fosil serta mengurangi emisi CO2 secara bersamaan.
Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri dan adanya peluang ekspor yang masih terbuka, maka dirancang pabrik PLA dengan kapasitas 10.000 ton/tahun dengan memanfaatkan porang sebagai bahan baku. Pabrik direncanakan berdiri di Kabupaten Nganjuk, Jawa Timur pada tahun 2025. Proses pembuatan PLA melalui beberapa tahap proses, meliputi proses pembentukan asam laktat melalui proses fermentasi, proses pemurnian asam laktat melalui proses esterifikasi, dan proses polimerisasi melalui proses ring-opening polymerization.
Proses pembentukan asam laktat dilakukan dengan proses fermentasi dalam fermentor secara batch menggunakan bakteri Lactobacillus pentosus B-227 pada kondisi suhu 32ºC, tekanan atmosfir, dan pH 7,6. Asam laktat yang terbentuk dimurnikan hingga 99% dalam kolom distilasi reaktif. Asam laktat 99% kemudian dipolimerisasi terlebih dahulu menjadi prepolymer yaitu polimer dengan berat molekul rendah pada suhu 180°C dan tekanan atmosfir. Prepolymer yang terbentuk dipecah menjadi monomer siklik lactide. Monomer lactide kemudian dipolimerisasi dengan membuka cincin siklik lactide menjadi polimer PLA dengan berat molekul (Mw) yang tinggi sebesar 220.000.
Kebutuhan umbi porang untuk pabrik ini sebanyak 134.343 kg/hari dengan unit pendukung proses produksi meliputi unit pengadaan air, steam, udara, tenaga listrik dan bahan bakar. Bentuk perusahaan yang dipilih adalah Peseroan Terbatas (PT) dengan sistem kerja karyawan berdasarkan pembagian jam kerja yang terdiri dari karyawan shift dan non-shift yang berjumlah 155 orang. Modal tetap pabrik sebesar Rp. 811.564.495.046 dan modal kerja sebesar Rp.90.173.832.783. Keuntungan sebelum pajak rata-rata sebesar Rp. 197.109.273.725,58 per tahun dan setelah dipotong pajak rata-rata sebesar Rp 107.021.812.293,88 per tahun. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai Pay Out Time (POT) adalah 8,08 tahun. Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 35,6%. Internal Rate of Return sebesar 14,50%. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan teknis dan evaluasi ekonomi yang telah dilakukan, maka pabrik PLA dengan kapasitas 10.000 ton per tahun layak untuk didirikan.
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Poly lactic acid or abbreviated as PLA is a biodegradable thermoplastic derived from renewable resources. The world's demand for plastic continues to increase caused the increase of environmental pollution by plastic, making PLA become a good alternative to non-degradable plastics such as PET, PP and PS. In addition to reduce environmental pollution, PLA can reduce the use of fossil resources as well as reduce CO2 emissions at the same time.
To meet domestic needs and the openness of export opportunities, a PLA plant with a capacity of 10,000 tons/year was designed by utilizing porang as a raw material. The plant is planned to be established in Nganjuk Regency, East Java in 2025. The process of making PLA goes through several stages, including the process of forming lactic acid through the fermentation process, the process of purification of lactic acid through the esterification process, and the polymerization process through the ring-opening polymerization process.
The process of forming lactic acid is carried out by fermentation in a batch fermenter using Lactobacillus pentosus B-227 bacteria at a temperature of 32ºC, atmospheric pressure, and pH 7.6. The lactic acid formed is purified up to 99% in a reactive distillation column. Lactic acid 99% is then polymerized first to become a prepolymer, namely a polymer with a low molecular weight at a temperature of 180°C and atmospheric pressure. The prepolymer formed is broken down into cyclic lactide monomers. The lactide monomer is then polymerized by opening the lactide cyclic ring to a PLA polymer with a high molecular weight (Mw) of 220,000.
The amount of porang needs for this plant is 134,343 kg/day with production process support units including water, steam, air, electric power and fuel supply units. The company is an incorporated (Inc.) with an employee work system based on the division of working hours consisting of shift and non-shift employees totaling 155 peoples. The plant’s fixed capital investment is Rp. 811,564,495,046 and the working capital investment is Rp. 90,173,832,783. The average profit before tax is Rp. 197,109,273,725.58 per year and after deducting taxes an average of Rp 107,021,812,293.88 per year. The value of Pay Out Time (POT) is 8.08 years, Break Even Point (BEP) is 35.6%, and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is 14.50%. Based on the results of technical calculations and economic evaluations that have been carried out, a PLA plant with a capacity of 10,000 tons per year is feasible to build.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	polylactic acid, biodegradable, biopolimer, asam laktat, porang, ring opening polymerization, polylactic acid, biodegradable, biopolymer, lactic acid, porang, ring opening polymerization
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Mathilda Jowito Pasaribu
Date Deposited:	20 Aug 2021 11:01
Last Modified:	20 Aug 2021 11:01
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/89127

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