Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Penyimpanan Bahan Bakar Biodiesel terhadap Sifat Bahan Bakar, Performa, dan Karakteristik Pembakaran Motor Diesel

Sania, Vernanda (2021) Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Penyimpanan Bahan Bakar Biodiesel terhadap Sifat Bahan Bakar, Performa, dan Karakteristik Pembakaran Motor Diesel. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penggunaan mesin diesel yang diprediksi terus meningkat akan meningkatkan kebutuhan bahan bakar diesel. Salah satu EBT yang produksinya sudah sangat tinggi saat ini adalah bahan bakar nabati dari minyak kelapa sawit (crude palm oil/CPO) seperti biodiesel. Akan tetapi, biodiesel memiliki kelemahan karena sifatnya yang higroskopis yang memicu perubahan properties fisis dan kimia. Perubahan tersebut dapat memengaruhi karakteristik pembakaran suatu mesin diesel.

Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan bakar 100% biodiesel dan dexlite yang disimpan dalam tangki. Proses penyimpanan dilakukan selama kurun waktu tiga bulan dengan pengambilan sampel uji pada bulan ke-0 dan ke-3. Pada setiap pengambilan sampel dlakukan tiga pengujian, yaitu uji properties bahan bakar, uji performa mesin diesel, dan uji pembakaran mesin diesel. Uji performa mesin diesel dengan putaran konstan pada 2500 rpm dan beban yang bervariasi dari nol hingga 1500 W dengan interval 500 W.

Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa terjadi degradasi properties terlihat dari peningkatan semua properties bahan bakar kecuali nilai kalor pada semua jenis bahan bakar dengan nilai absolut kandungan air, densitas, dan viskositas B100 yang lebih tinggi serta nilai abosolut nilai kalor B100 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan Dexlite. Setelah tiga bulan penyimpanan, degradasi tertinggi terjadi pada bahan bakar Dexlite dengan peningkatan kandungan air, densitas, dan viskositas masing-masing sebesar 82,86%, 0,98%, dan 3,67% serta penurunan nilai kalor sebesar 0,72%. Sedangkan pada bahan bakar B100 mengalami peningkatan kandungan air, densitas, dan viskositas masing-masing sebesar 18,34%, 0,29%, dan 2,31% serta penurunan nilai kalor sebesar 0,59%. Performa mesin mengalami penurunan selama periode penyimpanan. Penurunan nilai rata-rata efisiensi termal pada Dexlite dan B100 masing-masing sebesar 26,62% dan 5,69% serta peningkatan rata-rata SFC pada Dexlite dan B100 masing-masing sebesar 34,45% dan 5,70%. Selama periode penyimpanan terjadi penurunan karakteristik pembakaran dengan menurunnya nilai puncak tekanan, HRR, dan temperatur serta pergeseran mundur pada semua bahan bakar. Penurunan tertinggi dihasilkan pada beban 1500 W dengan bahan bakar Dexlite.
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The use of diesel engine which is predicted to increase will
increase the demand for diesel fuel as well. One of NRE whose
production is very high at this time is biofuel from crude palm oil
(CPO) such as biodiesel. So that biodiesel is one of the solutions
to meet national energy needs. However, biodiesel has a
weakness caused by its hygroscopic which triggers changes in
physical and chemical properties. These changes can affect the
combustion characteristics of a diesel engine.
This research uses 100% biodiesel and dexlite as fuel
which are stored in a tank made of PVC which is still given
access to air. The storage process was carried out for a period of
three months. At each sampling, three tests were carried out in
parallel, the fuel properties, the diesel engine performance, and
combustion test. The diesel engine performances were tested at
constant speed 2500 rpm and variation of load from zero to 1500
W with 500 W interval.
From the results of the study, it was found that there was a
degradation of properties seen from the increase in all fuel
properties except the calorific value which decreasing in all types
of fuels with higher absolute values of water content, density, and
viscosity of B100 and lower absolute value of calorific value of
B100 compared to Dexlite. After three months of storage, the
highest degradation occurred in Dexlite fuel with increases in
water content, density, and viscosity of 82,86%, 0,98%, and
3,67% respectively and a decrease in calorific value of 0,72%,.
Meanwhile, increasing water content, density, and viscosity of
B100 by 18,34%, 0,29%, and 2,31%, respectively, and decreasing
calorific value by 0,59%. Engine performance decreased during
the storage period. The decrease in the average of thermal
efficiency of Dexlite and B100 was 26,62% and 5,69%,
respectively, as well as an increase in the average of SFC of
Dexlite and B100 was 34,45% and 5,70%. During the storage
period, there was a decrease in combustion characteristics with
decreasing peak pressure, HRR, and temperature values as well
as a retarded peak of all fuels. The highest drop is achieved at
1500 W load with Dexlite fuel.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	biodiesel, degradasi, karakteristik pembakaran, performa, properties, combustion characteristics, degradation, performance
Subjects:	T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL229.D5 Diesel automobiles T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Vernanda Sania
Date Deposited:	24 Aug 2021 02:22
Last Modified:	24 Aug 2021 02:22
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/89166

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