Pra Desain Pabrik Poly Lactic Acid Dari Jerami Padi

Azizi, Habib and Djohar, Edwardus Kevinnul (2021) Pra Desain Pabrik Poly Lactic Acid Dari Jerami Padi. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Poly Lactic Acid atau disingkat PLA merupakan termoplastik biodegradable turunan dari sumber daya terbarukan. Kebutuhan dunia akan plastik yang terus meningkat diiringi dengan pencemaran lingkungan akan plastik yang juga terus meningkat, membuat PLLA menjadi alternatif baik pengganti plastic non-degradable seperti PET, PP dan PS. Selain membantu mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan, PLA dapat membantu mengurangi penggunaan sumber daya fosil serta mengurangi emisi CO2 secara bersamaan.
Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri dan adanya peluang ekspor yang masih terbuka, maka dirancang pabrik PLA dengan kapasitas 10.000 ton/tahun dengan bahan baku memanfaatkan Jerami padi. Pabrik direncanakan berdiri di Lamongan, Jawa Timur pada tahun 2024. Proses pembuatan PLA melalui beberapa tahap proses yaitu proses pembentukan asam laktat melalui proses fermentasi, proses pemurnian asam laktat melalui proses distilasi reaktif, dan proses polimerisasi melalui proses ring-opening polymerization.
Proses pembentukan asam laktat dilakukan dengan proses fermentasi dalam fermentor secara batch menggunakan bakteri Lactobacillus brevis pada kondisi suhu 42oC, tekanan atmosfir, dan pH 6,9. Asam laktat yang terbentuk dimurnikan hingga 99% dalam kolom distilasi reaktif. Asam laktat 99% kemudian dipolimerisasi terlebih dahulu menjadi prepolymer yaitu polimer dengan berat molekul rendah pada suhu 180oC dan tekanan atmosfir. Prepolymer yang terbentuk dipecah menjadi monomer siklik lactide. Monomer lactide kemudian dipolimerisasi dengan membuka cincin siklik lactide menjadi polimer PLA dengan berat molekul (Mw) yang tinggi yaitu sebesar 220.000.
Kebutuhan Jerami padi untuk pabrik ini sebanyak 549.483 kg/hari. Unit pendukung proses produksi meliputi unit pengadaan air, steam, udara, tenaga listrik dan bahan bakar.
Bentuk perusahaan yang dipilih adalah Peseroan Terbatas (PT) dengan sistem kerja karyawan berdasarkan pembagian jam kerja yang terdiri dari karyawan shift dan non-shift yang berjumlah 299 orang. Pabrik PLA ini memiliki modal tetap sebesar Rp.1.113.567.031.678 dan modal kerja sebesar Rp 123.729.670.186. Keuntungan sebelum pajak rata-rata sebesar Rp 376.632.500.367 per tahun dan setelah dipotong pajak rata-rata sebesar Rp 244.811.125.174 per tahun. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai Pay Out Time (POT) adalah 7,95 tahun. Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 34,7%. Internal Rate of Return sebesar 15,66%. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan teknis dan evaluasi ekonomi yang telah dilakukan, maka pabrik PLA dengan kapasitas 10.000 ton per tahun layak untuk didirikan.
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Poly Lactic Acid or abbreviated as PLA is a biodegradable thermoplastic derived from renewable resources. The world's demand for plastic continues to increase along with environmental pollution for plastic which also continues to increase, making PLLA a good alternative to replace non-degradable plastics such as PET, PP and PS. In addition to helping reduce environmental pollution, PLA can help reduce the use of fossil resources as well as reduce CO2 emissions at the same time.
To meet domestic needs and export opportunities that are still open, a PLA plant with a capacity of 10,000 tons/year has been designed with raw materials utilizing rice straw. The factory is planned to be established in Lamongan, East Java in 2024. The process of making PLA goes through several stages, namely the process of forming lactic acid through a fermentation process, a process of purification of lactic acid through a reactive distillation process, and a polymerization process through a ring-opening polymerization process.
The process of forming lactic acid is carried out by fermentation in a batch fermenter using Lactobacillus brevis bacteria at 42oC temperature, atmospheric pressure, and pH 6.9. The lactic acid formed is purified up to 99% in a reactive distillation column. 99% lactic acid is then polymerized first to become a prepolymer, namely a polymer with a low molecular weight at a temperature of 180oC and atmospheric pressure. The prepolymer formed is broken down into cyclic lactide monomers. The lactide monomer is then polymerized by opening the cyclic lactide ring into a PLA polymer with a high molecular weight (Mw) of 220,000.
The need for rice straw for this factory is 549,483 kg/day. Production process support units include water, steam, air, electric power and fuel supply units.
The form of the company chosen is a Limited Liability Company (PT) with an employee work system based on the division of working hours consisting of shift and unshift employees totaling 299 people. This PLA factory has a fixed capital of Rp. 1,113,567.031,678 and a working capital of Rp. 123,729,670,186. The average profit before tax is IDR 376,632,500,367 per year and after tax is an average of IDR 244,811,125,174 per year. From the calculation results obtained the value of Pay Out Time (POT) is 7.95 years. Break Even Point (BEP) of 34.7%. Internal Rate of Return is 15.66%. Based on the results of technical calculations and economic evaluations that have been carried out, a PLA plant with a capacity of 10,000 tons per year is feasible to build.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	polylactic acid, jerami padi, asam laktat, ring opening polymerization, rice straw, lactid acid
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Habib Azizi
Date Deposited:	23 Aug 2021 08:53
Last Modified:	23 Aug 2021 08:53
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/89256

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