Rekonstruksi Aliran Debris Masa Sejarah Gunung Anjasmoro Penutup Situs Kumitir Menggunakan Algoritma Multiple Flow Direction Dan Model Matematis Laharz

Amelia, Rizka (2021) Rekonstruksi Aliran Debris Masa Sejarah Gunung Anjasmoro Penutup Situs Kumitir Menggunakan Algoritma Multiple Flow Direction Dan Model Matematis Laharz. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Situs Kumitir merupakan salah satu situs yang diduga sebagai peninggalan Kerajaan Majapahit. Situs ini telah diekskavasi oleh tim arkeolog BPCB Jawa Timur dan berhasil mengungkap bangunan yang tertutup oleh batuan-batuan berukuran bongkah. Teori berdasarkan kitab sejarah menyebutkan bahwa keruntuhan Majapahit dipengaruhi oleh peristiwa bencana alam sangat besar yang berhubungan dengan letusan gunungapi yang berasal dari kompleks Anjasmoro, Arjuno dan Welirang. Penafsiran tersebut dapat dikaitkan dengan batuan berukuran bongkah yang menutupi situs. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk merekonstruksi aliran yang diduga menutupi Situs Kumitir tersebut. Melalui pemanfaatan peta DEM, aliran tersebut dapat direkonstruksi melalui perangkat simulasi yang menggunakan algoritma multiple flow direction (MFD) modifikasi dari Holmgren dan model matematis Laharz. Algoritma MFD modifikasi dari Holmgren dipilih untuk mensimulasikan jenis aliran debris karena dapat menghasilkan aliran yang lebih realistis, mempertimbangkan divergensi bentuk lahan melalui eksponen x, dan ketinggian aliran melalui faktor dh. Sedangkan, model matematis Laharz dipilih karena dapat mensimulasikan aliran lahar hanya dengan masukan utama berupa volume lahar. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan data open source berupa DEM dengan resolusi 8m. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi parameter yang paling tepat, sehingga didapatkan aliran debris dan lahar yang sesuai dengan skema dugaan. Hasil penelitian ini berupa peta rekonstruksi aliran debris dan lahar. Berdasarkan pengolahan yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan parameter simulasi yang paling tepat digunakan yakni akumulasi aliran minimal 0.1ha, kemiringan lereng minimal 15o, eksponen x = 4, faktor dh = 1 untuk hasil aliran debris, serta volume 9juta m3 dari bukaan kawah barat dan volume 65juta m3 dari bukaan kawah timur untuk aliran lahar menggunakan model matematis Laharz.
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Kumitir Site is one of the sites that is thought to be a relic of the Majapahit Kingdom. This site has been excavated by a team of archaeologists, East Java BPCB, and managed to reveal a building covered by boulder-sized rocks. The theory based on historical books states that the collapse of Majapahit was affected by huge natural disasters related to volcanic eruptions originating from the Anjasmoro, Arjuno and Welirang complexes. This can be linked to the boulder-sized rock that covers the site. This study aims to reconstruct the flow that is thought to cover the Kumitir Site. By utilizing the DEM map, the flow can be reconstructed through a simulation tool that uses a modified Holmgren’s multiple flow direction (MFD) algorithm and Laharz's mathematical model. The modified Holmgren’s MFD algorithm was chosen to simulate the type of debris flow because it can produce a more realistic flow, also considering the divergence of landforms through the x-exponent, and considering the flow height through the dh factor. Meanwhile, the Laharz mathematical model was chosen because it can simulate lahar flow only with the main input in the form of lahar volume. In this study, open-source DEM data with a resolution of 8m is used. The research was carried out by identifying the most appropriate parameters, so that debris and lahar flows can be reconstructed according to the alleged scheme. The results of this study are maps of the reconstruction of debris and lahar flows. Based on the processing that has been carried out, it was found that the most appropriate simulation parameters used are flow accumulation of at least 0.1ha, minimum slope is 15o, x exponent is 4, dh factor is 1 for debris flow results, and volume of 9 million m3 of western crater and volume of 65 million m3 of the eastern crater for lahar flows using the Laharz mathematical model.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Aliran debris, Anjasmoro, flow direction, Laharz, Situs Kumitir, debris flow, Kumitir Site
Subjects:	C Auxiliary Sciences of History > CC Archaeology T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.5 Data Processing T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Geophysics Engineering > 33201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rizka Amelia
Date Deposited:	25 Aug 2021 05:56
Last Modified:	25 Aug 2021 05:56
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/89479

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