Bintoro, Agum Setyo (2021) Analisis Kompetisi Antar Moda Transportasi Laut Dan Darat: Studi Kasus Pasca Pengoperasian Jalan Bebas Hambatan Trans-Jawa Dan Trans-Sumatera. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Ekonomi Indonesia ditumpu oleh Pulau Jawa dan Sumatera dengan prosentase 59% dan 21,23% PDB. Provinsi yang berada di kedua pulau ini aktif melakukan perdagangan antar wilayah dengan 92% pengangkutan melalui jalur darat. Jalan bebas hambatan (toll) Trans-Jawa dan Trans-Sumatera diharapkan menurunkan biaya logistik dan meningkatkan perekonomian. Namun tarif toll Trans-Jawa dan Trans-Sumatera dinilai terlalu mahal bagi angkutan barang. Terdapat rute eksisting pengiriman petikemas antar kedua pulau. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat potensi sektor transportasi laut menghadapi persaingan dengan jalan toll. Penelitian ini dilakukan degan membandingankan biaya transportasi, waktu tempuh, serta biaya eksternal berupa Inventory Carrying Cost dan Biaya Emisi. Pengiriman muatan dari Jawa ke Sumatera pada koridor Tanjung Priok lebih murah menggunakan moda laut pada skala jarak ≥824 km dengan biaya 8.916.842-12.998.051 Rp/TEUs dan waktu tempuh 84-113 jam dan pengiriman dari Sumatera ke Jawa lebih murah menggunakan moda laut pada jarak ≥824 km dengan unit biaya 8.805.289-12.952.593 Rp/TEUs dan waktu tempuh 84-113 jam. Pengiriman menggunakan moda laut dari Jawa menuju Sumatera pada koridor Tanjung Perak lebih murah pada jarak ≥984 km dengan biaya 12.644.313-17.195.315 Rp/TEUs dan pengiriman dari Sumatera ke Jawa lebih murah menggunakan moda laut pada jarak ≥1106 km dengan biaya Rp 13.536.504-17.191.284 Rp/TEUs dengan waktu tempuh 78-159 jam. Pengiriman dari/ke koridor Tanjung Priok jika selisih jarak darat dengan total jarak asal/tujuan ke pelabuhan (∆S) > 245 maka moda laut akan unggul. Pengiriman dari/ke Koridor Tanjung Perak jika (∆S)>298 maka moda laut akan unggul
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The Indonesian economy is supported by the islands of Java and Sumatra with the percentage of 59% and 21.23% of GDP. Provinces located in these two islands are active in inter-regional trade with 92% of land transportation. The construction of the Trans-Java and Trans-Sumatra highways is expected to reduce logistics costs and improve the economy. However, the tariff for the Trans-Java and Trans-Sumatra toll roads is considered too expensive for the transportation of goods. There is an existing route for shipping containers between the two islands. Therefore, this research was conducted to see the potential of the marine transportation sector to face competition with expressways. This research was conducted by comparing transportation costs, travel time, and external costs in the form of Inventory Carrying Costs, and Emission Costs. Shipping cargo from Java to Sumatra on the Tanjung Priok corridor is cheaper using sea mode on a distance scale of ≥824 km for 8.916.842-12.998.051 Rp/TEUs and travel time of 84-113 hours and shipping from Sumatra to Java is cheaper using this mode sea at a distance of ≥824 km with a unit cost of 8.805.289-12.952.593 Rp/TEUs and travel time of 84-113 hours. Shipping cargo using sea mode from Java to Sumatra on the TanjungPerak corridor is cheaper at a distance of ≥984 km at 12.644.313-17.195.315 Rp/TEUs and shipping from Sumatra to Java is cheaper using sea mode at a distance of ≥1106 km at a cost Rp 13.536.504-17.191.284 Rp/TEUS with travel time of 78-159 hours. Delivery from/to the Tanjung Priok corridor if the difference in the land distance with the total distance from origin/destination to the port (∆S) > 245, the sea mode will be superior. Delivery from/to Tanjung Perak Corridor if (∆S)>298 then sea mode will be superior.
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