Pengelolaan Limbah B3 Padat Medis Selama Pandemi COVID-19: Sebuah Pendekatan Simulasi

Mulyadi, Agus (2021) Pengelolaan Limbah B3 Padat Medis Selama Pandemi COVID-19: Sebuah Pendekatan Simulasi. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) padat medis merupakan permasalahan yang telah ada sebelum pandemi Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) terjadi. Peningkatan limbah B3 padat medis yang signifikan pada masa pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan permasalahan tersebut menjadi lebih urgent dan kompleks karena berhubungan dengan isu kesehatan dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi strategi dan kebijakan yang tepat dalam mengatasi jumlah limbah B3 padat medis tidak hanya pada masa darurat seperti pandemi COVID-19 namun juga pada kondisi normal. Faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan berkaitan dengan aspek kependudukan, aspek timbulan limbah, aspek kedaruratan, dan aspek biaya. Pendekatan simulasi sistem dinamik digunakan dalam studi ini untuk menstrukturkan kompleksitas permasalahan secara komprehensif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam tiga tahap yaitu studi pendahuluan, pengembangan dan pengujian model, dan merancang strategi dan kebijakan pengelolaan limbah B3 padat medis. Hasil perhitungan peningkatan limbah B3 padat medis saat pandemi di Kota Surabaya mencapai 99,54%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata timbulan limbah B3 padat medis adalah 4.593.914 kg, dimana persentase limbah B3 padat medis yang terolah sebesar 51,9%. Tiga factor eksperimen dalam pembuatan skenario kebijakan dilakukan yaitu kapasitas insinerator rumah sakit (i), alokasi persentase sektor swasta (s), dan kapasitas sektor publik (p). Setiap skenario terdiri dari 4 level skenario. Hasil skenario terbaik dari timbulan dan persentase limbah B3 padat medis adalah i4 (kapasitas insinerator 50%), p4 (kapasitas sektor publik 60 ton/hari), p3 (kapasitas sektor publik 45 ton/hari), p2 (kapasitas sektor publik 30 ton/hari), dan p1 (kapasitas sektor publik 15 ton/hari). Maka Skenario yang dipilih adalah skenario i4 (peningkatan kapasitas insinerator sebesar 50%) dengan rata-rata timbulan limbah B3 padat medis yaitu 1.207.777 kg, persentase limbah B3 padat medis yang terolah 100%, dan biaya pengelolaan yaitu Rp. 676.449.217.
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Hazardous and toxic substances (B3) solid medical waste is a problem that existed before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak occurred. The significant increase in hazardous and toxic substances (B3) solid medical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic caused these problems to become more urgent and complex because they were related to health and environmental issues. This study explored appropriate strategies and policies to overcome hazardous and toxic substances (B3) solid medical waste during emergencies such as the COVID-19 outbreak and normal conditions. The factors considered are demography aspects, waste generation aspects, emergency aspects, and cost aspects. The system dynamics simulation approach is used in this study to structure the complexity of the problem comprehensively. This research was conducted in three stages: preliminary studies, model development and testing, and designing strategies and policies for solid medical waste management for hazardous and toxic substances (B3). The increase in hazardous and toxic substances (B3) solid medical waste during the pandemic in Surabaya reached 99.54%. The results showed that the average generation of hazardous and toxic substances (B3) solid medical waste was 4,593,914 kg, where the percentage of processed hazardous and toxic substances (B3) solid medical waste was 51.9%. Three experimental factors in the policy-making scenario carried out are hospital insinerator capacity (i), private sector proportion allocation (s), and public sektor capacity (p). Each scenario consists of 4 level skenarios. The best skenario results from the generation and percentage of medical solid hazardous and toxic waste are i4 (50% insinerator capacity), p4 (publik sektor capacity 60 tons/day), p3 (publik sektor capacity 45 tons/day), p2 (publik sektor capacity 30 tons/day), and p1 (publik sektor capacity 15 tons/day). So the scenario chosen is skenario i4 (insinerator capacity increase by 50%) with an average hazardous and toxic substances (B3) solid medical waste generation of 1,207,777 kg, the percentage of hazardous and toxic substances (B3) solid medical waste that is processed 100%, and the management cost of Rp. 676,449,217.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Limbah B3 Padat Medis, pandemi COVID-19, Simulasi, Sistem Dinamik,Hazardous and toxic substances (B3) solid medical waste, COVID-19 Outbreak, Simulation, System Dynamics
Subjects:	R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA567 Medical waste.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Industrial Engineering > 26101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Agus Mulyadi
Date Deposited:	25 Aug 2021 03:13
Last Modified:	25 Aug 2021 03:13
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/89534

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