Evaluasi Pengaruh Nilai Kalori Batubara Terhadap Efisiensi Dan Keandalan Boiler (Studi Kasus Pada PLTU Pelabuhan Ratu)

Yudisaputro, Hendra (2021) Evaluasi Pengaruh Nilai Kalori Batubara Terhadap Efisiensi Dan Keandalan Boiler (Studi Kasus Pada PLTU Pelabuhan Ratu). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penerapan program coal switching di PLTU Pelabuhan Ratu dilakukan dengan menggunakan batubara kalori rendah yaitu 4000-4300 kcal/kg (design 4500 kcal/kg) yang bertujuan untuk menurunkan Biaya Pokok Penyediaan (BPP). Namun hal tersebut cenderung mengakibatkan penurunan efisiensi dan keandalan peralatan di boiler dengan penyebab utama yaitu tingginya kandungan moisture hingga mencapai 45%wt. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah penelitian untuk mengetahui dampak penurunan efisiensi dan keandalan boiler sehingga dapat ditentukan nilai kalor batubara yang optimum dan strategi pemeliharaan yang tepat.
Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat simulasi operasi dan uji experimental dengan lima jenis batubara yang berbeda. Disamping itu juga dilakukan identifikasi peralatan kritis dan keandalan komponen dengan menghitung nilai Asset Criticality Ranking (ACR) sistem boiler, dan simulasi keandalan, serta pembuatan reliability block diagram (RBD) berdasarkan data riwayat kerusakan selama priode 2015-2020.
Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi termal pembangkit mengalami penurunan 0,13% sebanding dengan penurunan nilai kalor 97 kcal/kg. Nilai kalor optimum untuk proses produksi listrik adalah 4200 sampai 4300 kcal/kg. Komponen kritis peralatan pada boiler adalah mill dengan rata-rata nilai ACR rank 7,81 dan keandalan komponen mill yang paling rendah pada R(t) 60% adalah coal pipe yang mengalami breakdown setelah 200 jam. Lima komponen mill yang memiliki nilai availability terendah berdasarkan analisa RBD adalah Coal Pipe, Damper, Lub. Oil Station, Pyrite Gate dan Swing Valve dengan nilai 0,648, 0,74, 0,91, 0,922 dan 0.881 secara berurutan.
Nilai kalori batubara memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada efisiensi dan keandalan pembangkit sehingga diperlukan kegiatan pemeliharaan yang tepat untuk menghindari kerusakan yang lebih berat.
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The implementation of coal switching program at PLTU Pelabuhan Ratu is carried out using low-calorific coal of 4000-4300 kcal/kg (4500 kcal/kg and more by design), which aims to reduce the Electricity Generation Cost. However, this tends to decrease the efficiency and reliability of the main equipment in the boiler, with the main cause being the high moisture content that reaches 45%wt. Therefore, an evaluation is needed to determine the impact of decreasing boiler efficiency and reliability so that the optimum calorific value of coal can be determined and the proper maintenance strategy can be determined.
The research was conducted by making operating simulations and experimental tests with five different types of coal. Furthermore, critical equipment identification and component reliability were also carried out by calculating the boiler system's Asset Criticality Ranking (ACR) value. Reliability simulations and Reliability Block Diagrams (RBD) were also carried out based on historical failure data from 2015 to 2020.
The results show that thermal plant efficiency decreases 0.13% in line with a decrease in coal calorific value by an average per 97 kcal/kg. The optimum calorific value for the electricity production process is between 4200 to 4300 kcal/kg. The critical component of the boiler equipment is the mill, with an average ACR value of 7.81. The five mill components with the lowest availability values based on RBD analysis are Coal Pipe, Damper, Lub. Oil Station, Pyrite Gate and Swing Valve with values of 0,648, 0,74, 0,91, 0,922 and 0.881 respectively.
The calorific value of coal has a very significant influence on the efficiency and reliability of the generator so that proper maintenance activities are needed to avoid more serious damage.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	keandalan, efisiensi, batubara, heat rate, nilai kalor, reliability, efficiency, coal, heat rate, calorific value
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263.5 Boilers (general)
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Hendra Yudisaputro
Date Deposited:	24 Aug 2021 04:13
Last Modified:	25 Aug 2021 08:44
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/89830

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