Riski, Raulia (2021) Model Simulasi Sistem Dinamik untuk Mengurangi Emisi Karbon dari Sistem Transportasi Perkotaan Surabaya dengan Pendekatan Berorientasi Transit. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Transportasi darat menyumbang sekitar 90% dari total emisi karbon di Indonesia, dimana sisanya yaitu sekitar 1% dan 8% dihasilkan oleh transportasi laut dan udara. Di kota Surabaya yang merupakan kota besar kedua di Indonesia, sistem transportasi menyumbang hingga 40% emisi karbon, yang mana 90%-nya berasal dari transportasi darat. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan jumlah emisi karbon dari sistem transportasi jalan perkotaan di Indonesia antara lain meningkatnya jumlah kendaraan bermotor dan tidak tersedianya moda transit yang dapat menahan pertumbuhan kendaraan pribadi. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang strategi, berdasarkan pendekatan sistem TOD, untuk menemukan prioritas strategi pengurangan emisi karbon dari sistem transportasi jalan perkotaan. Skenario-skenario berbeda yang diusulkan diterapkan dalam simulasi SD lalu hasil berupa saran-saran kebijakan diusulkan.
Karya ini menggunakan lima tahap pengembangan model SD, dimulai dari artikulasi masalah, hipotesis dinamis, perumusan model, validasi, dan yang terakhir adalah perumusan kebijakan, untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian. Ada enam skenario yang diusulkan: skenario Business-as-Usual (BAU) (skenario 1); skenario pembangunan BRT di kawasan WKT (skenario 2); skenario pembangunan BRT di wilayah WS (skenario 3); skenario pengembangan BRT di kawasan GS (skenario 4); skenario pembangunan BRT di kawasan PTS (skenario 5); dan skenario pembangunan BRT di seluruh wilayah WKT, WS, GS, dan PTS (skenario 6). Data model dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi pustaka dari penelitian sebelumnya, serta data lapangan yang diperoleh dari badan pengelola transportasi di Surabaya (dan website pemerintah).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan TOD secara signifikan dapat mengurangi jumlah emisi karbon dari transportasi darat di perkotaan. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi skenario BAU, pada tahun 2050 angkutan jalan Surabaya dapat menghasilkan emisi karbon hingga 29 juta ton, namun dengan penerapan skenario 6, jumlah emisi karbon dapat berkurang hingga 7 juta ton atau rata-rata sebesar 3,2%/tahun. Temuan kami dapat memberikan saran kebijakan bagi Surabaya untuk bertekad mengurangi emisi karbon.
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Road transport contributes around 90% of the total carbon emissions in Indonesia, where only about 1% and 8% of the total of carbon emission were produced by marine and air transport, respectively. In Surabaya city, which is the second big city in Indonesia, the transportation system contributes up to 40% of the carbon emissions, where 90% of it is from the road-transportation. Several factors that influence the increase in the amount of carbon emissions from the urban road transportation system in Indonesia include the increasing number of motorized vehicles and the unavailability of transit modes that can restrain the growth of private vehicles. This study aims to design strategies, based on TOD system approach, to find the priority to reduce carbon emissions from the urban road transportation system. Different scenarios have applied SD simulation to generate results and accompanied policy suggestions are proposed.
This work uses five stages of SD model development, from problem articulation, dynamic hypothesis, model formulation, validation, and then the last one is policy formulation, to achieve research objectives. There are six proposed scenarios: the Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario (scenario 1); the BRT development scenario in WKT area (scenario 2); the BRT development scenario in WS area (scenario 3); the BRT development scenario in GS area (scenario 4); the BRT development scenario in PTS area (scenario 5); and the BRT development scenario in all WKT, WS, GS, and PTS areas (scenario 6). Model data were collected through observation, interviews, and literature from previous research, as well as field data obtained from transportation management agencies in Surabaya (and government website).
The results show that TOD implementation can significantly reduce the amount of carbon emissions from urban road transportation. Based on the BAU scenario simulation result, in 2050, Surabaya road-transportation could produce up to 29 million tons of carbon emissions, but with the implementation of scenario 6, the amount of carbon emissions could reduce up to 7 million tons - an average of 3.2%/year. Our findings could provide the policy suggestion for Surabaya and those cities determine to reduce carbon emission.
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | emisi karbon, transportasi perkotaan, pembangunan berorientasi transit, model sistem dinamik, carbon emission, urban transportation, transit-oriented development, system dynamics model |
Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE311.I4 Urban transportation |
Divisions: | Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Information System > 59101-(S2) Master Thesis |
Depositing User: | Raulia Riski |
Date Deposited: | 28 Aug 2021 14:50 |
Last Modified: | 28 Aug 2021 14:50 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/90228 |
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