A study of contract and on-demand in transportation services sourcing

Kantari, Lala Ayu (2021) A study of contract and on-demand in transportation services sourcing. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Dengan meningkatnya ketidakpastian bisnis, perusahaan harus mengembangkan fleksibilitas pada berbagai tahap rantai pasokan, termasuk dalam transportasi. Jasa transportasi dapat diperoleh melalui kontrak yang tidak fleksibel tetapi memiliki harga lebih murah, atau dengan on-demand yang menawarkan fleksibilitas tetapi ketersediaan dan harga pasokan yang tidak pasti. Kedua opsi menawarkan keuntungan dan kerugian sehingga kombinasi yang tepat diperlukan untuk memanfaatkan keuntungan dari keduanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengadaan jasa transportasi dengan menggunakan kontrak dan on-demand. Tahap pertama dari penelitian ini mengevaluasi kombinasi sistem dibawah permintaan yang berfluktuasi dan musiman. Kemudian, penelitian ini diperluas dengan mengevaluasi kombinasi dibawah ketidakpastian pasokan, seperti ketersediaan, tarif, dan waktu respons. Tahap terakhir menyelidiki skenario untuk memasangkan antara pengirim dan kendaraan yang tersedia. Pendekatan simulasi diskrit digunakan untuk mengakomodir kompleksitas masalah. Analisa kami menunjukkan bahwa pengirim perlu mengelola jumlah on-demand yang proporsional karena sistem tersebut mempengaruhi ketepatan waktu pengiriman, pemanfaatan truk yang sudah di kontrak, dan biaya pengiriman. Keputusan menjadi lebih kritis ketika permintaan menjadi kurang stabil. Namun demikian, kelemahan dari penggunaan on-demand dapat diseimbangkan dengan mempercepat waktu layanan, meningkatkan ketersediaannya di pasar, dan mempertimbangkan skenario yang cocok saat memilih penyedia transportasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memberikan wawasan berharga untuk mempelajari strategi kombinasi jasa transportasi dengan kontrak dan on-demand untuk mengatasi ketidakpastian dalam rantai pasokan.
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With increasing business uncertainties, companies must develop flexibility at multiple supply-chain stages, including in transportation. Transportation services could be obtained through contract sourcing, which inflexible but has a lower price or with on-demand sourcing, which offers flexibility but has uncertain supply availability and price. Both options offer advantages and disadvantages so an appropriate mix is required to tap advantages from both. This research aims to examine transportation services sourcing using contract-based and on-demand sourcing. The first stage of this research evaluates the mixed sourcing under fluctuating and seasonal demand. Then, this study extended by evaluating the mix of sourcing under supply uncertainties, such as the spot market availability, rates, and response time. The last stage investigates the scenario to pair between shipper and carrier during the on-demand sourcing matching process. A discrete-event modelling approach is used to incorporate the complexity of the problem. Our discussion shows that shippers need to manage a proportional quantity of on-demand sourcing since it affects the delivery punctuality, truck utilization, and cost. The decision becomes more critical when the demand becomes less stable. Nevertheless, the drawbacks of the on-demand sourcing are moderated by fastening its service time, increasing its availability in the spot market, and considering matching scenarios when choosing the spot carriers. Hence, this research gives valuable insights to study the transportation mix sourcing strategy to overcome the uncertainties in the supply chain.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Jasa Transportasi, Pengadaan, Kontrak, Pasar Spot, Ketidakpastian, Transportation Service, Sourcing, Contract-Based, On-Demand, Spot Market, Uncertainties
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD28 Management. Industrial Management H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD38.5 Business logistics--Cost effectiveness. Supply chain management. ERP
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	Lala Ayu Kantari
Date Deposited:	31 Aug 2021 14:25
Last Modified:	31 Aug 2021 14:25
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/90566

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