Efisiensi Dan Optimasi Cyclone Di Prilling Tower Pada Produksi Urea Dengan Bahan Baku CO2 Dan Amonia Menggunakan Proses ACES21

Arifin, Ahmad Hosein and Sufy, Surya Kurnia (2021) Efisiensi Dan Optimasi Cyclone Di Prilling Tower Pada Produksi Urea Dengan Bahan Baku CO2 Dan Amonia Menggunakan Proses ACES21. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Berdasarkan data Kementrian Perindustrian (Kemenperin) dan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) kebutuhan Urea Indonesia mengalami kenaikan. Perkiraan kebutuhan Urea di wilayah Indonesia pada tahun 2023 sebesar 11.169.823.571 kg/tahun. Kondisi ini memberikan peluang untuk didirikannya sebuah pabrik Urea di Indonesia. Proses ACES merupakan proses yang dikembangkan oleh Toyo Engineering Corporation. Kemajuan terakhir dari teknologi ini adalah ACES21 (Advanced process for Cost and Energy Saving for the 21st century) yang digunakan oleh PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Plant IIB. Pada tahun 2010, terdapat 15 pabrik yang menerapkan teknologi ACES ini. Sintesis urea pada proses ACES terdiri dari reaktor, stripper, 2 kondenser karbamat paralel dan scrubber yang dioperasikan pada tekanan 175 bar. Reaktor dioperasikan pada temperatur 190°C dengan rasio molar umpan NH3:CO2 adalah 4:1. NH3 cair diumpankan langsung ke dalam reaktor bersamaan dengan CO2 hasil kompresi. Hasil reaksi dan bahan baku yang belum bereaksi dipisahkan pada stripper. Campuran gas yang berasal dari bagian atas stripper dimasukkan ke dalam kondenser karbamat. Larutan urea yang berasal dari karbamat mengandung NH3 12% wt dan dimurnikan pada dekomposer dengan tekanan 19 bar (MP decomposers) dan 3 bar (LP decomposers). NH3 dan CO2 dipisahkan dari larutan urea melalui absorpsi pada absorber bertekanan rendah dan sedang. Larutan urea selanjutnya diuapkan dengan 2 tahap evaporasi hingga konsetrasi 99,7% wt. Pada proses ACES21 terdapat sedikit perbedaan, NH3 cair diumpankan ke reaktor melalui high-pressure carbamate ejector. Reaktor dioperasikan dengan rasio molar NH3:CO2 adalah 3,7 pada temperatur 182°C dan tekanan 152 bar. Larutan urea dari reaktor diumpankan ke stripper untuk pemisahan CO2. Off-gas didaur ulang ke vertical submerged carbamate condenser (VSCC) dengan rasio NH3:CO2 adalah 3,0, temperatur 180°C dan tekanan 152 bar. Larutan urea yang terbentuk selanjutnya diolah pada MP dan LP decomposer dan dipekatkan pada tahap evaporasi. Pabrik ini direncanakan untuk didirikan di JIIPE (Java Integrated Industrial Port Estate) Gresik, Jawa Timur. Pabrik Urea dengan Bahan Baku CO2 dan Amonia Menggunakan Proses ACES21 ini direncanakan beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 330 hari/tahun, 24 jam/hari. Kapasitas produksi pabrik Urea ini adalah sebesar 1700 ton/hari atau setara dengan 554548,5 ton urea tiap tahunnya. Cyclone yang dirancang memiliki nilai efisiensi sebesar 99,08%.
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Based on data from the Ministry of Industry (Kemenperin) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Indonesia's demand for urea has increased. The estimated demand for Urea in the territory of Indonesia in 2023 is 11,169,823,571 kg/year. This condition provides an opportunity for the establishment of a Urea factory in Indonesia. The ACES process is a process developed by Toyo Engineering Corporation. The latest advancement of this technology is ACES21 (Advanced process for Cost and Energy Saving for the 21st century) which is used by PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Plant IIB. In 2010, there were 15 factories that implemented this ACES technology. The urea synthesis in the ACES process consists of a reactor, a stripper, 2 parallel carbamate condensers and a scrubber which is operated at a pressure of 175 bar. The reactor was operated at 190°C with a feed molar ratio of NH3:CO2 of 4:1. The liquid NH3 is fed directly into the reactor along with the compressed CO2. The reaction products and unreacted raw materials are separated in a stripper. The gas mixture from the top of the stripper is fed into a carbamate condenser. The urea solution derived from carbamates contains 12% wt NH3 and is purified in a decomposer at a pressure of 19 bar (MP decomposers) and 3 bar (LP decomposers). NH3 and CO2 are separated from the urea solution by absorption in low and medium pressure absorbers. The urea solution was then evaporated with 2 stages of evaporation to a concentration of 99.7% wt. In the ACES21 process there is a slight difference, liquid NH3 is fed to the reactor through a high-pressure carbamate ejector. The reactor was operated with a molar ratio of NH3:CO2 of 3.7 at a temperature of 182°C and a pressure of 152 bar. The urea solution from the reactor is fed to the stripper for CO2 separation. The off-gas is recycled to a vertical submerged carbamate condenser (VSCC) with an NH3:CO2 ratio of 3.0, a temperature of 180°C and a pressure of 152 bar. The urea solution formed is then processed in the MP and LP decomposers and concentrated in the evaporation stage. This factory is planned to be established in JIIPE (Java Integrated Industrial Port Estate) Gresik, East Java. The Urea Plant with CO2 and Ammonia Raw Materials Using the ACES21 Process is planned to operate continuously for 330 days/year, 24 hours/day. The production capacity of this Urea factory is 1700 tons/day or equivalent to 554548.5 tons of urea annually. The designed cyclone has an efficiency value of 99.08%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	urea, amonia, CO2, ACES21, ammonia.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology
Depositing User:	Ahmad Hosein Arifin
Date Deposited:	02 Sep 2021 16:00
Last Modified:	02 Sep 2021 16:00
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/91028

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