Pengaruh Aditif Karbon Pada Massa Aktif Pelat Baterai Asam Timbal Terhadap Peningkatan Siklus Hidup Dan Kapasitas Baterai

., Witantyo (2021) Pengaruh Aditif Karbon Pada Massa Aktif Pelat Baterai Asam Timbal Terhadap Peningkatan Siklus Hidup Dan Kapasitas Baterai. Doctoral thesis, ITS.

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Abstract

Baterai Asam Timbal (Lead Acid Battery) merupakan baterai yang murah, andal dan bisa didaur ulang 100%. Namun, baterai asam timbal konvensional hanya memiliki siklus hidup (cycle life) antara 500-1000 atau sekitar1-3 tahun. Usia pakai baterai akan menjadi lebih pendek lagi jika digunakan untuk deep of discharge (DoD) yang lebih dalam karena terjadi sulphation yaitu terbentuknya kristal PbS04 yang permanen. Untuk mengatasi terjadinya sulphation maka biasanya diberikan float charge tegangan yang tinggi walaupun hal ini memicu terjadinya permasalahan lain yaitu korosi pada grid. Saat ini sudah banyak penelitian yang berusaha melakukan pencegahan sulphation dengan penambahan aditif karbon dalam berbagai bentuk pada kedua elektrode, termasuk nanotube atau graphene, dengan hasil yang positif. Namun, mekanisme bagaimana aditif karbon bisa memengaruhi siklus hidup baterai perlu penelitian lebih lanjut.
Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk mengkaji bagaimana mekanisme aditif karbon bisa memengaruhi siklus hidup baterai. Aditif karbon yang dipilih adalah karbon aktif dan karbon acetylene yang mempunyai luas permukaan dan porositas yang berbeda. Kedua jenis aditif ini telah dicoba dilapiskan atau dicampur pada massa aktif pelat baterai baik pelat posistif dan pelat negatif. Pelat yang telah dimodifikasi kemudian diuji menggunakan baterai analyser dan potensiostat untuk mengetahui pengaruh aditif pada kinerja baterai. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan aditif karbon aktif pada pelat positif maupun negatif akan meningkatkan kapasitas tanpa menambah siklus hidup baterai. Penambahan aditif karbon acetylene pada pelat positif maupun negatif menunjukkan pengurangan kapasitas dan siklus hidup baterai yang cukup besar walaupun memiliki fungsi kapasitif yang baik sehingga terihat bahwa sel baterai terus hidup tetapi dengan kapasitas yang sangat kecil.
Penelitian mengunakan aditif graphene yang diuji menggunakan cyclic voltametri (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) dan scanning electron microscope (SEM) menunjukkan hasil yang cukup berarti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa graphene berfungsi sebagai konduktor yang sangat baik dalam material aktif negatif yang dibuktikan dengan pengujian EIS dan perbedaan citra SEM pada bentuk kristal sulfat yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut terkait efek morfologi berbagai aditif karbon terhadap reversibitas dari sistem eletrokimia elektrode baterai guna mendapatkan kinerja yang lebih baik lagi
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Lead Acid Batteries are cheap, reliable and 100% recyclable batteries. However, conventional lead acid batteries only have a cycle life of between 500-1000 or about 1-3 years. The battery life will be even shorter if it is used for deeper deep of discharge (DoD) due to sulphation, namely the formation of permanent PbS04 crystals. To overcome the occurrence of sulphation, a high voltage float charge is usually given, although this triggers another problem, namely corrosion on the grid. Currently, many studies have attempted to prevent sulphation by adding carbon additives in various forms to both electrodes, including nanotubes or graphene, with positive results. However, the mechanism by which carbon additives can affect the battery life cycle needs further research.
Several studies have been conducted in an attempt to examine how the mechanism of carbon additives can affect the battery life cycle. The selected carbon additives are activated carbon and acetylene carbon which have different surface area and porosity. These two types of additives have been tried to be coated or mixed on the battery life plate, both positive plate and negative plate. The modified plate was then tested using a battery analyzer and potentiostat to determine the effect of additives on battery performance. The experimental results show that the addition of activated carbon additives to the positive and negative plates will increase the capacity without increasing the battery life cycle. The addition of acetylene carbon additives on the positive and negative plates showed a significant reduction in the capacity and cycle life of the battery even though it has a good capacitive function so it can be seen that the battery cells continue to live but with a very small capacity.
Research using graphene additives tested using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed significant results. The results showed that graphene functions as an excellent conductor in negative active materials as evidenced by EIS testing and differences in SEM images on the resulting sulfate crystal form. This research has the potential to be further developed regarding the morphological effects of various carbon additives on the reversibility of the battery electrode electrochemical system in order to obtain even better performance.

Item Type: Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords: lead-acid battery, carbon additive, graphene, acetylene, activated carbon.
Subjects: T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ165 Energy storage.
Divisions: Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User: Witantyo Witantyo
Date Deposited: 30 Aug 2021 06:15
Last Modified: 30 Aug 2021 06:15
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/91308

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