Konsep Pengembangan Manajemen Kontinuitas Bisnis Dengan Pendekatan Baru Di Sektor Penyedia Jasa Pelabuhan

Budiyanto, Eko Hariyadi (2022) Konsep Pengembangan Manajemen Kontinuitas Bisnis Dengan Pendekatan Baru Di Sektor Penyedia Jasa Pelabuhan. Doctoral thesis, Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya.

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Abstract

Manajemen kontinuitas bisnis (MKB) / Business Continuity Management (BCM) merupakan sistem perencanaan berbasis kontinuitas yang berkembang dari waktu ke waktu dan menjadi pertimbangan penting bagi perusahaan dalam mempertahankan bisnisnya dalam situasi atau kondisi disrupsi yang berpotensi menghentikan proses bisnis, khususnya pada bisnis yang membutuhkan kontinuitas tinggi seperti bisnis kepelabuhanan. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran kegiatan penyusunan MKB pada pelabuhan, terdapat beberapa kelemahan yang perlu dijadikan fokus pengembangan diantaranya adalah saat ini. Pertama, MKB selama ini bersifat individual atau dilakukan perspektif satu entitas, sementara pelabuhan adalah komunitas yang membutuhkan cara pandang baru dalam pendekatan MKB. Kedua, analisis dampak bisnis dan penilaian risiko masih belum berorientasi pada hasil yang terukur melalui analisis kuantitatif. Ketiga, penerapan MKB secara umum masih terbatas pada penerapan di sub-sektor pemulihan sistem informasi teknologi, dan belum menjangkau sub-sektor operasional lainnya. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian telah dilakukan eksplorasi pengembangan prosedur MKB dengan orientasi penerapan pada penyedia jasa kepelabuhanan dengan mengadaptasi penilaian risiko kualitatif-kuantitatif, analisis dampak bisnis dengan mengelaborasi data kinerja pelabuhan sebagai bagian dari analisis, pemetaan risiko dengan mengintegrasikan hasil analisis dampak bisnis, dan strategi aksi proaktif. Keempat analisis ini kemudian menjadi satu kesatuan pendekatan baru MKB khususnya pada penyedia jasa kepelabuhanan. Pendekatan baru MKB pada disertasi telah diterapkan pada tiga kejadian disrupsi di pelabuhan yang terjadi di Indonesia, yaitu studi kasus disrupsi listrik di pelabuhan, studi kasus tubrukan kapal niaga dengan crane pelabuhan, dan studi kasus disrupsi pelabuhan selama pandemi Covid-19. Berdasarkan penerapan pada studi kasus ditemukan kesimpulan bahwa prosedur MKB hasil modifikasi dapat diterapkan dan didapatkan hasil yang terukur pada analisis penilaian risiko, analisis dampak bisnis, pemetaan risiko, aksi proaktifnya, dan strategi MKB-nya. Pada penerapan MKB pada pandemi Covid-19, ditemukan bahwa tiga risiko yang menyebabkan 80% terjadinya disrupsi adalah staf/pegawai yang terinspeksi Covid-19, pengurangan jumlah karyawan, dan kegagalan sistem komunikasi antar operator. Disrupsi akibat Covid 19 menyebabkan penurunan produktifitas pegawai pada skala katastropik, dengan penurunan volume petikemas internasional sebesar 7% dari tahun sebelumnya. Strategi aksi proaktif, dan perencanaan kontinuitas bisnis selama pandemi juga berhasil dieksplorasi melalui beberapa tahapan diantaranya recovery point objective (RPO), recovery time objective (RTO), dan maximum allowance outage (MAO) mulai dari respon tanggap darurat, pemulihan tahap awal, operasional berjalan dengan pengecualian, dan restorasi.
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Business continuity management is a continuity-based planning system that develops. It becomes an essential consideration for companies to maintain their business in situations or conditions of disruption that can potentially stop business processes, especially in businesses requiring high continuity, such as port businesses. Based on the previous research for BCM preparation activities at ports, several limitations need to be the focus of BCM, including at this time. First, BCM has been individual or carried out from the perspective of one entity, while ports are communities that require a new perspective in the BCM approach. Second, business impact analysis and risk assessment are still not oriented towards measurable results through quantitative analysis. Third, in general, the application of BCM is still limited to the application in the information technology system recovery sub-sector and has not yet reached other operational sub-sectors. Therefore, this research has explored the development of BCM procedures with an applied orientation to port service providers by adapting qualitative-quantitative risk assessments, business impact analysis by elaborating port performance data as part of the analysis, risk mapping by integrating the results business impact analysis, and proactive action strategies. These four analyses form a new BCM approach, especially for port service providers. The BCM's new approach to the research has been applied to three disruptions at ports that occurred in Indonesia, a case study of electricity disruption at a port, a case study of a commercial ship colliding with a port crane, and a case study of port disruption during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the application in the case study, it was concluded that the new approach of BCM procedure could be applied and obtained measurable results in the risk assessment analysis, business impact analysis, risk mapping, proactive action, and BCM strategy. In implementing the BCM in the Covid-19 pandemic, the three risks caused 80% disruptions. Such staff/employees inspected by Covid-19, a reduction in the number of employees, and the communication system failure between operators. The disruption due to Covid 19 caused a decline in employee productivity on a catastrophic scale, since the decrease in international container volume from the previous year. Proactive action and strategy during the pandemic were also successfully explored through several stages, including recovery point objective (RPO), recovery time objective (RTO), and maximum allowance outage (MAO) from emergency response, early-stage recovery, operations with exceptions, and restoration.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Manajemen Kontinuitas Bisnis, Penyedia Jasa Kepelabuhanan, Penilaian Risiko, Analisis Dampak Bisnis, Pemetaan Risiko, Aksi proaktif, Business Continuity Management, Port Service, Risk Assessment, Business Impact Analysis, Risk Map, Proactive Action
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD30.28 Planning. Business planning. Strategic planning.
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36001-(S3) PhD Theses
Depositing User:	Eko Hariyadi Budiyanto
Date Deposited:	16 Feb 2022 06:00
Last Modified:	16 Feb 2022 06:00
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/94011

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