Analisis Pemanfaatan Angkutan Laut untuk Pengelolaan Limbah Medis di Wilayah Kepulauan: Studi Kasus Region VI, Wilayah Maluku dan Papua

Izza, Yusri Rahmatul (2022) Analisis Pemanfaatan Angkutan Laut untuk Pengelolaan Limbah Medis di Wilayah Kepulauan: Studi Kasus Region VI, Wilayah Maluku dan Papua. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pengelolaan limbah medis di Indonesia masih menjadi sebuah permasalahan. Direktorat Kesehatan Lingkungan Kemenkes RI mencatat bahwa pada 2020, hanya 20,1% Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan yang mengelola limbah sesuai standar yang ditentukan. Timbulan limbah medis mencapai 294,66 ton/hari, tetapi kapasitas total fasilitas pengolah limbah hanya sebesar 224,23 ton/hari. Region VI yang mencakup wilayah Maluku dan Papua, termasuk ke dalam wilayah dengan klasterisasi tingkat PLM sesuai standar yang terendah, serta tidak memiliki pengolahan limbah medis. Pengolahan limbah eksisting di Region VI belum memenuhi standar, dilakukan dengan pembakaran biasa dan penimbunan terbuka (open dumping), paling baik menggunakan insinerator berkapasitas kecil dan tidak berizin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengadaan fasilitas pengolah limbah medis dan alat angkutnya dengan memanfaatkan moda transportasi laut. Terdapat 3 (tiga) alternatif pola operasi pengangkutan dan pengolahan menggunakan moda laut, lokasi pangkalnya ditentukan menggunakan metode center of gravity. Alternatif tersebut akan ditinjau menggunakan metode optimasi dengan memakai 2 (dua) skenario: (i) menggunakan kapal sebagai alat pengangkut, sedangkan pengolahan dan penimbunan dilakukan di darat, dan (ii) menggunakan kapal sebagai alat pengangkut dan pengolah limbah terapung. Luaran proses optimasi adalah menentukan pola operasi paling optimal dan ukuran utama kapal. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skenario paling optimal adalah skenario kedua dengan membangun kapal pengangkut dan pengolah limbah dengan pola operasi multi-port relay pada 4 (empat) provinsi. Masing-masing kapal tersebut memiliki ukuran utama Lpp 70,99 m, B 13,80 m, T 2,48 m, dan H 5,60 m dilengkapi 2 (dua) insinetaror, 2 (dua) medical waste destroyer, 1 (satu) container crane, dan 1 (satu) forklift, adapun total biaya operasional dari skenario optimum ini adalah Rp. 61,14 Milyar/tahun.
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Indonesia still faces considerable challenges in medical waste management. The Directorate of Environmental Health of the Ministry of Health noted that in 2020, only 20.1% of Health Service Facilities meet the standards of the medical wastes treatment made by the government. The medical waste generation reaches 294.66 tons/day, but the total capacity of the aggregate waste treatment facilities nationally is only 224.23 tons/day. Region VI, which includes Maluku and Papua, is included in the region with the lowest index of medical waste management and does not have any medical waste treatment facility. The existing waste treatment in Region VI does not meet the standards, it is carried out by open-air burning and open dumping. This study is conducted to analyze the planning of medical waste treatment and transportation using marine transportation. Three alternative operating patterns have been determined, the base location is determined using the center of gravity method. Those alternatives will be reviewed with optimization method used to plan the transportation and treatment for the medical waste using two scenarios: (i) using ships to transport the medical waste and process the medical waste on land, and (ii) using ships as a floating medical waste treatment facility to transport and process the medical waste onboard. The output of the optimization process determines the optimum operating pattern and the optimum main dimensions. The results of the study indicate that the most optimal scenario is the second scenario by building 4 (four) ships as a floating medical waste treatment facility, with a multi�port relay operating pattern in 4 (four) provinces. Each of the ships has main dimensions Lpp 70.99 m, B 13.80 m, T 2.48 m, and H 5.60 m, equipped with 2 (two) incinerators, 2 (two) medical waste destroyers, a 30-tons ship container crane, and a 20-ft forklift, this optimum scenario costs Rp. 61.14 billion/year.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Center of Gravity, Desain Konseptual Kapal, Perencanaan Transportasi Laut, Optimasi, Pengolahan Limbah Medis, Marine Transportation Planning, Medical Waste Treatment, Optimization, Ship Conceptual Design
Subjects:	Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA402.6 Transportation problems (Programming) R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA567 Medical waste. V Naval Science > V Naval Science (General) V Naval Science > V Naval Science (General) > V220 Naval ports, bases, reservations, docks, etc. V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Sea Transportation Engineering > 21207-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	YUSRI RAHMATUL IZZA
Date Deposited:	17 Feb 2022 02:53
Last Modified:	17 Feb 2022 02:53
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/94183

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