Idris, Muddatstsir (2022) Isolasi Senyawa dan Uji Bioaktivitas dari Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (W. Ait) Hassk dan Melastoma malabathricum L. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Tanaman obat Kalimantan Selatan telah banyak digunakan sebagai pencegahan dan pengobatan diabetes mellitus dan kanker. Diantara tanaman tersebut, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (W. Ait) Hassk dan Melastoma malabathricum L. adalah tanaman yang secara tradisional paling banyak digunakan sebagai tanaman obat. R. tomentosa dan M. malabathricum L. merupakan tanaman obat yang banyak tumbuh di Kalimantan Selatan dengan nama lokal masing-masing adalah Karamunting bini dan Karamunting laki. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan uji bioaktivitas terhadap ekstrak dan senyawa hasil isolasi dari kedua tanaman tersebut. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk isolasi senyawa adalah ekstraksi, fraksinasi, pemurnian senyawa lalu dilanjutkan penentuan struktur senyawa menggunakan metode spektroskopi 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMBC, HMQC, dan HRESIMS. Uji bioaktivitas dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan (DPPH, ABTS, dan FRAP), antidiabetes secara in vitro (anti-α-glucosidase dan anti-α-amilase), antidiabetes secara in vivo, dan sitotoksitas secara in vitro terhadap sel-sel MCF-7, HeLa, A549, dan B16. Senyawa-senyawa yang diisolasi dari ekstrak daun R. tomentosa adalah 2-isopropil-5-metil-6-metoksisikloheksan-1-ol (1), tomentodione U (2), 4-metil-7-fenilheptan-1-ol (3), 7-metiloktan-1-ol (4), dan α-amirin (5). Sementara, senyawa-senyawa yang diisolasi dari daun M. malabathricum adalah α-amirin-benzoat (6) dan uvaol (7). Pengujian bioaktivitas menunjukkan ekstrak metanol dari daun R. tomentosa dan M. malabathricum memiliki aktivitas antioksidan (DPPH, ABTS, dan FRAP) paling tinggi dari ekstrak daun lainnya. Senyawa 2, 3, 7, ekstrak metanol dari daun R. tomentosa dan M. malabathricum memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel-sel MCF-7, HeLa, A549, dan B16. Ekstrak metanol juga memiliki aktivitas penghambatan yang baik terhadap α-glucosidase dan α-amilase secara in vitro. Evaluasi aktivitas antidiabetes secara in vivo menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol dari daun R. tomentosa (dosis 400 mg/Kg berat badan) dan M. malabathricum (dosis 200 mg/Kg berat badan) mampu menurunkan glukosa darah tikus dengan persentase berturut-turut adalah 48.51% dan 51.01% selama 15 hari perlakuan. Dosis yang sama untuk ekstrak metanol dari kedua tanaman tersebut mampu menurunkan glukosa darah serum berturut-turut adalah 17.73% dan 37.82% selama 15 hari perlakuan. Secara umum, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tanaman R. tomentosa dan M. malabathricum sangat potensial digunakan sebagai agen antioksidan, antidiabetes, dan antikanker.
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South Kalimantan medicinal plants have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and cancer. Among these plants, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (W. Ait) Hassk and Melastoma malabathricum L. are traditionally the most widely used as medicinal plants. R. tomentosa and M. malabathricum L. are medicinal plants that are widely grow in South Kalimantan with their local names as Karamunting bini and Karamunting laki, respectively. In this study, bioactivity tests were carried out on extracts and compounds isolated from the two plants. The methodologies used for the isolation of compounds were extraction, fractionation, purification of compounds and then the determination of the structure of the compounds using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMBC, HMQC, and HRESIMS spectroscopic methods. Bioactivity tests were carried out to determine antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), in vitro antidiabetic (anti-α-glucosidase and anti-α-amylase), in vivo antidiabetic, and in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF- 7, HeLa, A549, and B16 cells. The compounds isolated from the leaves extract of R. tomentosa were 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-6-methoxycyclohexan-1-ol (1), tomentodione U (2), 4-methyl-7-phenylheptan-1-ol (3), 7-methyloctan-1-ol (4), and α-amyrin (5). Meanwhile, the compounds isolated from the leaves of M. malabathricum were α-amyrin-benzoate (6) and uvaol (7). The bioactivity test showed that the methanol extract from the leaves of R. tomentosa and M. malabathricum had the highest antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) than other leaves extracts. Compounds 2, 3, 7, and methanol extract from leaves of R. tomentosa and M. malabathricum had cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, HeLa, A549, and B16 cells. The methanol extract also had good inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase in vitro. Evaluation of in vivo antidiabetic activity showed that methanol extract from leaves of R. tomentosa (dose of 400 mg/Kg body weight) and M. malabathricum (dose of 200 mg/Kg body weight) was able to lower blood glucose in rats with a percentage of 48.51% and 51.01%, respectively, for 15 days of treatment. The same dose of methanol extract from both plants was able to reduce serum blood glucose 17.73% and 37.82%, respectively, for 15 days of treatment. In general, the results of the analysis showed that R. tomentosa and M. malabathricum are very potential to be used as antioxidants, antidiabetic, and anticancer agents.
Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | antioxidant, cytotoxicity, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, antidiabetic, secondary metabolites, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Melastoma malabathricum, antioksidan, sitotoksitas, α-glukosidase, α-amilase, antidiabetes, metabolit sekunder, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Melastoma malabathricum |
Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD471 Chemical compounds - Structure and formulas |
Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
Depositing User: | Muddatstsir Idris |
Date Deposited: | 06 Dec 2022 02:15 |
Last Modified: | 06 Dec 2022 02:15 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/95148 |
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