Kajian Resiko Dampak Lingkungan Kinerja Proses Pengolahan Air Limbah Industri Kertas di PT.X dengan Metode Life Cycle Assesment (LCA) dan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Salsabilla, Annisa Aqilla (2023) Kajian Resiko Dampak Lingkungan Kinerja Proses Pengolahan Air Limbah Industri Kertas di PT.X dengan Metode Life Cycle Assesment (LCA) dan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kerusakan lingkungan terjadi akibat aktivitas industri seperti kerusakan badan air akibat pembuangan air limbah industri dan emisi gas rumah kaca dari proses industri. Di Indonesia, KLHK mengembangkan Rencana Strategis (Renstra) untuk tahun 2020-2024 berisi program prioritas. Salah satunya adalah program untuk perbaikan kualitas udara dan air. Hal ini menjadi dasar bagi pelaku usaha untuk melaksanakan aktivitas industri dengan bertanggung jawab terhadap pengelolaan lingkungan guna menghindari pencemaran lingkungan. PT.X sebagai pelaku usaha di industri kertas memiliki komitmen untuk menjaga lingkungan dari pencemaran. Yaitu dengan membangun unit pengolahan air limbah industri yaitu Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) yang terletak di area pabrik. WWTP ditujukan untuk mengolah air limbah industri yang dihasilkan dari produksi kertas. Tujuan proses pengolahan air limbah adalah mendegradasi pencemar pada air limbah sehingga aman dibuang ke badan air. Namun, akan dihasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca dari proses pengolahan air limbah serta dari penggunaan listrik pada proses pengolahan air limbah. Emisi gas dapat berkontribusi sebagai dampak lingkungan dari proses pengolahan air limbah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis dampak lingkungan dari kinerja proses pengolahan air limbah industri pada WWTP di PT. X serta menentukan upaya untuk meminimisasi dampak lingkungan tersebut. Dampak lingkungan dianalisis menggunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dengan pendekatan mass balance. Analisis LCA dilakukan dengan pendekatan kesetimbangan massa. Analisis LCA dimulai dengan menentukan tujuan dan ruang lingkup. Lingkup yang dianalisis adalah cradle-to-gate Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Life Cycle Inventory, yaitu mengolah data beban air limbah dan penggunaan energi menjadi output emisi gas. Hasil emisi gas akan dikuantifikasi menjadi besaran dampak lingkungan melalui mekanisme ketiga LCA, yaitu Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) dengan pendekatan Impact 2002+. Diidentifikasi bahwa pada pengolahan air limbah industri kertas dapat berkontribusi terhadap dampak Global Warming, Aquatic Acidification, Terrestrial Acidification Aquatic Eutrophication dan Respiratory Effects. Hasil dari penilaian dampak juga dilakukan dengan pendekatan endpoint category yaitu Human Health, Ecosystem Quality dan Climate Change (dalam satuan yang sama). Tahap terakhir LCA adalah interpretasi meliputi analisis hotspot. Dari hasil analisis LCA dihasilkan tiga dampak lingkungan yaitu Ecosystem Quality sebesar 14,489 pt, Climate Change sebsar 10,726 pt dan Human Health sebesar 0,651 pt. Dari setiap endpoint category didapat titik hotspot sebagai unit dengan kontribusi dampak terbesar. Dampak Human Health kontribusi terbesar berasal dari tangki aerasi 2 sebesar 0,232 pt. Untuk dampak Ecosystem Quality kontribusi terbesar berasal dari conditioning tank sebesar 2,807 pt. Untuk dampak Climate Change kontribusi terbesar berasal dari primary clarifier sebesar 3,08 pt. Selain itu, interpretasi juga meliputi penentuan upaya alternatif guna meminimisasi dampak lingkungan. Upaya alternatif yang dapat dilakukan adalah teknologi Carbon Air Capture, modifikasi waktu detensi, dan penggunaan energi surya. Diantara ketiga upaya tersebut akan dipilih alternatif terbaik dengan hasil pembobotan kepentingan terbesar menggunakan metode Analytitcal Hierarchy Process (AHP). Pada metode AHP dibutuhkan data primer yaitu kuisioner yang akan diisi oleh beberapa pihak pengelola WWTP. Hasil analisis AHP mengidentifikasi bahwa altenatif yang dapat dilakukan (ditunjukkan dengan bobot terbesar) adalah penggunaan energi surya.
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Environmental damage occurs due to industrial activities such as damage to water bodies due to industrial wastewater discharge and greenhouse gas emissions from industrial processes. In Indonesia, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry developed a Strategic Plan for 2020-2024 containing priority programs. One of them is a program for the improvement of air and water quality. This is the basis for business actors to carry out industrial activities responsibly for environmental management to avoid environmental pollution. PT. X as a business actor in the paper industry has a commitment to protect the environment from pollution. Namely by building an industrial wastewater treatment unit, namely the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) located in the factory area. WWTP is intended to treat industrial wastewater produced from paper production. The purpose of the wastewater treatment process is to degrade pollutants in wastewater so that it is safely discharged into water bodies. However, greenhouse gas emissions will be generated from the wastewater treatment process as well as from the use of electricity in the wastewater treatment process. Gas emissions can contribute as an environmental impact of wastewater treatment processes. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the environmental impact of the performance of the industrial wastewater treatment process at WWTP at PT. X and determine alternative solutions to minimize these environmental impacts. Environmental impact is analyzed using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. LCA analysis is carried out with a mass equilibrium approach. LCA analysis begins with determining the purpose and scope. The scope analyzed is cradle-to-gate Then continued with Life Cycle Inventory, which is to process wastewater load data and energy use into gas emission outputs. The results of gas emissions will be quantified into the amount of environmental impact through the third mechanism of the LCA, namely the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) with the Impact 2002+ approach. It was identified that the wastewater treatment of the paper industry can contribute to the impact of Global Warming, Aquatic Acidification, Terrestrial Acidification Aquatic Eutrophication and Respiratory Effects. The results of the impact assessment are also carried out with an endpoint category approach, namely Human Health, Ecosystem Quality and Climate Change (in the same unit). The final stage of the LCA is interpretation including hotspot analysis. The results of the LCA analysis identified three environmental impacts, namely Ecosystem Quality (14,489 pt), Climate Change (10,726 pt) and Human Health (0.651 pt). From each endpoint category, hotspots are obtained as the units with the greatest impact contribution. Human Health impact the largest contribution came from aeration tank 2 (0.232 pt). For the impact of Ecosystem Quality, the largest contribution came from conditioning tanks (2,807 pt). For the impact of Climate Change, the largest contribution came from the primary clarifier (3.08 pt). In addition, interpretation also includes determining alternative efforts to minimize environmental impacts. Alternative solutions that can be made are Carbon Air Capture technology, modification of primary clarifier detention time, and the use of solar energy. Among the three options, the best alternative will be chosen with the results of weighting the greatest importance using the Analytitcal Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. In the AHP method, primary data is needed, namely a questionnaire that will be filled out by related stake holder. The results of the AHP analysis identified that the alternative that can be performed (indicated by the greatest priority weight) is the use of solar energy.

Item Type: Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords: AHP, Air Limbah, Dampak Lingkungan, LCA, Upaya Alternatif , WWTP, Alternative Solutions, Environmental Impact, Wastewater
Subjects: T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Divisions: Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User: Annisa Aqilla Salsabilla
Date Deposited: 27 Jan 2023 04:19
Last Modified: 27 Jan 2023 04:19
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/95614

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