Kajian Tingkat Reduksi Sampah Plastik dan Sampah Sisa Makanan Supermarket di Wilayah Surabaya Timur

Winora, Felicitas Rut (2023) Kajian Tingkat Reduksi Sampah Plastik dan Sampah Sisa Makanan Supermarket di Wilayah Surabaya Timur. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pemerintah melalui Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan mengatur penggunaan plastik sekali pakai di Indonesia melalui Permen LHK No 75 Tahun 2019. Dalam peraturan tersebut diatur beberapa produsen termasuk supermarket yang memiliki kewajiban untuk mengurangi penggunaan plastik sekali pakai. Supermarket di wilayah Surabaya Timur menghasilkan sampah sebesar 2,4 ton/hari dari 14 supermarket. Komposisi sampah supermarket didominasi oleh sampah sisa makanan dan sampah plastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat reduksi sampah terutama sampah sisa makanan dan sampah plastik. Selain itu penelitian juga bertujuan mengetahui kesiapan dan tantangan supermarket dalam pengelolaan sampah termasuk pengurangan sampah plastik yang telah diatur pada Permen LHK. Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan No 53 Tahun 2008 supermarket merupakan bangunan yang memiliki luas dari 400 m2 hingga 5.000 m2. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan klasifikasi menjadi 4 kategori supermarket berdasarkan luas bangunan yang dimiliki dan dipilih 1 supermarket yang mewakili setiap kategori. Pengambilan data timbulan dan komposisi sampah mengacu pada SNI 19-3964-1994 tentang Metode Pengambilan dan Pengukuran Contoh Timbulan dan Komposisi Sampah Perkotaan. Selain itu dilakukan pula perhitungan water footprint dan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) yang dihasilkan dari sampah sisa makanan menggunakan metode IPCC. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui partisipasi supermarket terhadap pengelolaan sampah dan larangan plastik sekali pakai dilakukan wawancara dan focus group discussion dengan pihak pengelola supermarket. Observasi terhadap kondisi riil supermarket juga dilakukan selama proses pengambilan data di lapangan. Berdasarkan pengambilan data yang dilakukan maka diperoleh hasil timbulan dan komposisi dari setiap supermarket yang kemudian dilakukan generalisasi. Timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan oleh supermarket di Surabaya Timur mencapai 2,4 ton/hari. Adapun komposisi sampah didominasi oleh sampah sisa makanan dengan buah menyumbang persentase terbesar. Buah yang berakhir menjadi sampah menghasilkan water footprint sebesar 1.866,88 m3. Selain itu proses dari dekomposisi sampah sisa makanan turut menyumbang emisi GRK sebesar 888,19 ton CO2eq/tahun. Tingkat reduksi supermarket sangat bergantung pada kebijakan pihak pengelola supermarket. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan focus group discussion yang dilakukan, 62,5% supermarket mengetahui Permen LHK No 75 Tahun 2019 namun sebanyak 40% belum mengetahui kewajiban yang harus dijalankan. Supermarket menghadapi tantangan dalam berpartisipasi terhadap regulasi yang ada seperti memerlukan biaya tambahan untuk mengganti plastik sekali pakai dan sebagai besar produk yang bergantung pada supplier.
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The government through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry regulates the use of single-use plastics in Indonesia through Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 75 of 2019. This regulation regulates several manufacturers, including supermarkets, who must reduce the use of single-use plastics. Supermarkets in the East Surabaya area produce 2.4 tons of waste per day from 14 supermarkets. The composition of supermarket waste is dominated by food waste and plastic waste. This study aims to determine the level of waste reduction, especially food waste and plastic waste. In addition, the research also seeks to determine the readiness and challenges of supermarkets in waste management, including reducing plastic waste, which has been regulated by the Minister of Environment and Forestry Based on the Regulation of the Minister Trade No. 53 2008, a supermarket is a building with an area of 400 m2 to 5,000 m2. In this study, classification was carried out into four supermarket categories based on the size of the building owned and one supermarket representing each category was selected. Collection of waste generation and composition data refers to SNI 19-3964-1994 concerning Methods for Collection and Measurement of Sample Generation and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste. In addition, a calculation of the water footprint and GHG emissions resulting from food waste was also carried out using the IPCC method. Meanwhile, interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with supermarket managers to determine the participation of supermarkets in waste management and the ban on single-use plastics. Observations on the actual conditions of supermarkets were also carried out during the data collection process in the field. Based on the data collection, the yield and composition of each supermarket were obtained, which were then generalized. The waste generated by supermarkets in East Surabaya reaches 2.4 tons per day. The waste composition is dominated by food waste, with fruit contributing the most significant percentage. Fruit that ends up as waste produces a water footprint of 1.866,88 m3. In addition, decomposing food waste contributes to GHG emissions of 888,19 tons CO2eq/year. Supermarket reduction rates are highly dependent on the policies of supermarket managers. Based on the interviews and focus group discussions, 62.5% of supermarkets know about Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No 75 of 2019. However, as many as 40% need to learn the obligations that must be carried out. Supermarkets face challenges complying with existing regulations, such as requiring additional costs to replace single-use plastics, and most products depend on suppliers.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Emisi GRK, Sampah Plastik, Sampah Sisa Makanan, Supermarket, Tingkat Reduksi, GHG Emissions, Plastic Waste, Food Waste, Supermarket, Reduction Rate
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD898.8.C67 Waste disposal
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Felicitas Rut Winora
Date Deposited:	31 Jan 2023 01:41
Last Modified:	31 Jan 2023 01:41
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/95836

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