Lookman, Kyatmaja (2023) Kemampuan Berinovasi Perusahaan Truk Agar Tetap Kompetitif Di Era Industri 4.0. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Industri pengangkutan truk mengalami persaingan yang sangat ketat di Indonesia. Ketatnya persaingan disebabkan oleh banyaknya pelaku usaha di industri ini. Perusahaan truk merupakan bagian dari industri jasa, di mana sulit untuk menerapkan aktivitas penambahan nilai untuk produk yang dijualnya. Revolusi industri keempat mendorong industri untuk menghubungkan usahanya dengan internet. Berbeda dengan revolusi industri sebelumnya, revolusi industri ini mengharuskan perusahaan truk untuk memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda. Dalam penelitian ini, kemampuan berinovasi merupakan hal penting yang harus dimiliki oleh perusahaan truk untuk tetap kompetitif. Tentunya hal ini merupakan tantangan bagi perusahaan truk, karena masih banyak perusahaan yang belum familiar dengan teknologi berbasis internet. Terdapat tiga faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan berinovasi perusahaan truk di dalam penelitian ini, yaitu kemampuan teknologi, orientasi pasar, dan hubungan pemasok. Penelitian ini akan menguji dampak dari ketiga faktor terhadap kemampuan berinovasi perusahaan. Dampak kemampuan berinovasi pada era industri 4.0, di mana perkembangan teknologi mendukung kemampuan berinovasi perusahaan untuk lebih berdaya saing. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif, diawali dengan tinjauan literatur yang komprehensif, faktor-faktor diatas kemudian divalidasi melalui wawancara yang melibatkan eksekutif dari lima perusahaan truk. Studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa semua indikator yang diperoleh dari literatur dianggap valid dan oleh karena itu akan digunakan untuk mengembangkan instrumen survei. Penelitian kuantitatif kemudian dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data dengan metode survei. Data 423 responden didapatkan dari survey, menggunakan daftar perusahaan truk yang dimiliki oleh Kementerian Perhubungan, perkumpulan perusahaan, dan sumber lainnya. Lima hipotesis dikembangkan dan diuji dengan menggunakan partial least squares - structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan teknologi dan orientasi pasar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan berinovasi. Namun, dampak hubungan pemasok pada kemampuan berinovasi tidak ditemukan. Kemampuan berinovasi secara signifikan mempengaruhi keunggulan kompetitif perusahaan truk, tetapi industri 4.0 nampaknya tidak memoderasi hal ini. Setelah itu, wawancara kemudian dilakukan untuk menilai tingkat kematangan (maturity level) kemampuan berinovasi dari 52 perusahaan truk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kematangan memiliki sebaran yang luas, mulai dari tingkat terendah sampai dengan tertinggi, namun sebagian besar berada pada tingkat maturity level sedang sampai dengan matang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar perusahaan memiliki peluang untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berinovasinya. Terakhir, Melalui action research, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berinovasi perusahaan truk. Serangkaian tindakan perbaikan terbagi dalam lima tahap telah dilakukan pada periode Desember 2021 hingga Mei 2022. Tingkat kemampuan berinovasi kemudian diukur dengan menggunakan maturity model dan kemudian dibandingkan nilai sebelum dan sesudah perbaikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan berinovasi perusahaan. Penelitian ini juga diharapkan akan memberikan kontribusi terhadap kemampuan berinovasi perusahaan truk dan perkembangan teori di bidang ini. Selain itu, temuan ini juga diharapkan akan memberikan wawasan yang berharga bagi praktisi dan menjadi pemicu penelitian selanjutnya.
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The trucking industry is experiencing tight competition in Indonesia. The intense competition is contributed by large number of business players in this industry. Trucking companies are part of the service industry, where it is difficult to implement value-added activities for the products they sell. The fourth industrial revolution requires industries to connect their businesses to the internet. Unlike the previous industrial revolution, this industrial revolution requires trucking companies to have different type of capabilities. In this study, the innovative capability is an important factor that must be acquired by trucking companies in order to remain competitive. This is challenging for trucking companies, because there are still many companies that are unfamiliar with internet-based technology. In this study, there are three main factors that influence the trucking company's innovative capability, technological capability, market orientation, and supplier relationship. This study will examine the impact of these three factors on the company's innovative capability. The impact of the innovative capability is moderated by industry 4.0, where technological developments is important factor in supporting the company's innovative capability to be more competitive, will also be investigated further. This research is a qualitative and quantitative research, starting with a comprehensive literature review, the above factors are then validated through interviews involving executives from five trucking companies. This study reveals that all indicators obtained from the literature are considered valid and therefore will be used to develop the survey instrument further. Quantitative research is then carried out by collecting data using a survey method. Data from 423 respondents was obtained from the survey, using a list of trucking companies owned by the ministry of transportation, associations of companies, and other sources. Five hypotheses were developed and tested using partial least squares - structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of the study indicate that technological capabilities and market orientation have a significant effect on innovative capabilities. However, we did not find the impact of supplier relationships on innovative capabilities. Innovative capabilities significantly affect trucking companies' competitive advantage, but industry 4.0 does not seem to moderate this impact. Furthermore, we then conducted interviews to assess the maturity level of the innovative capability of 52 trucking companies. The results showed that the maturity level had a wide distribution, starting from the lowest to the highest level, but most of them were at the medium to mature level of maturity. This shows that most companies still have the opportunity to improve their innovative capabilities. Finally, through action research, this research aims to improve the innovative capability of trucking companies in Indonesia. A series of actions for improvement divided into five stages have been carried out in the period from December 2021 to May 2022. The level of innovative capability is then measured by using a maturity model and compared before and after improvements. The results showed an increase in the company's innovative capability. It is also hoped that this research will contribute to the innovative capability in trucking companies and the development of theory in this field. In addition, these findings are also expected to provide valuable insights for practitioners and trigger for further research.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Innovative Capability, Technological Capability, Market Orientation, Supplier Relationship, Competitive Advantage, Industry 4.0. |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD38.5 Business logistics--Cost effectiveness. Supply chain management. ERP H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications |
| Divisions: | Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > Doctor of Technology Management (DMT) |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Kyatmaja Lookman |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Jan 2023 04:32 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Jan 2023 04:32 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/95858 |
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