Kajian Dampak Lingkungan Proses Produksi Kilang Minyak Pada Produk Bahan Bakar Gasoline RON 88 Dengan Metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Budiono, Dewa Indra Luqmana (2023) Kajian Dampak Lingkungan Proses Produksi Kilang Minyak Pada Produk Bahan Bakar Gasoline RON 88 Dengan Metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri kilang minyak menjadi sebuah sektor yang penting dalam pengolahan bahan bakar minyak untuk mendorong pembangunan nasional sebagai pemenuhan kebutuhan bahan bakar dan energi bagi masyarakat maupun bahan baku sebuah industri. Dalam proses pengolahan industri kilang minyak terdapat unit proses inti yaitu meliputi crude distillation unit (CDU), Naphtha Hydrotreater Unit (NHTU), Catalityc Reforming Unit (CRU) dan unit Blending. Dari masing-masing unit tersebut membutuhkan bahan bakar fuel oil maupun fuel gas untuk dapat menghasilkan panas. Dari hasil proses pembakaran tersebut memberikan sebuah produk samping berupa residu dan menghasilkan bahan pencemar bagi lingkungan. Sebab itu perlu adanya kajian dampak lingkungan menggunakan metode life cycle assessment (LCA) terhadap produk yang dihasilkan.
Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak lingkungan dari setiap unit operasi proses pengolahan bahan bakar minyak berdasarkan pendekatan gate to gate. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini untuk mengkategorikan dampak menggunakan ReCiPe 2016 dengan penilaian dampak secara midpoint dan endpoint. Dalam kajian LCA perlu penunjang dalam kajian, sehingga dilakukan analisis ketidakpastian dengan melakukan penilaian kualitas data yang dihasilkan untuk menentukan probabilitas data dan dilakukan analisa menggunakan simulasi Monte Carlo. Penilaian dampak yang dihasilkan juga dijadikan sebagai dasar dalam penentuan program rekomendasi berdasarkan analisis hotspot, peninjauan aspek teknis, finansial, dan lingkungan. Sehingga pemilihan program rekomendasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP).
Hasil analisis karakterisasi menunjukan bahwa proses produksi 1 ton Gasoline RON 88 menghasilkan 7 kategori dampak midpoint dan 2 kategori dampak endpoint. Dampak midpoint yaitu global warming (36,948 kg CO2 eq), stratospheric ozone depletion (0,000196 kg CFC11 eq), ozone formation – human health (2,051 kg NOx eq), Fine particulate matter formation (0,226 kg PM2,5 eq), ozone formation - terrestrial ecosystems (2,051 kg NOx eq), terrestrial
acidification (0,739 kg SO2 eq), land use (52,851 m2a crop eq), untuk endpoint yaitu dampak human health (0,000178 DALY), dan ecosystem quality (0,000000596 Species.yr). Pada analisis normalisasi, dampak lingkungan yang dominan yaitu Ozone Formation, Terrestrial Ecosystem, pada analisis pembobotan berkontribusi pada dampak human health (3,001 Pt) dan dampak ecosystem quality (0,332 Pt), dengan nilai total dampak yang dihasilkan sebesar (3,334 Pt), sehingga
unit produksi yang menjadi hotspot adalah Catalityc Reforming Unit (CRU). Analisis ketidakpastian pembobotan proses produksi Gasoline RON 88 menghasilkan dampak human health (0,193Pt - 0,589Pt) dan dampak ecosystem quality (1,59 Pt – 5,65 Pt), dengan nilai total dampak yang dihasilkan pada kisaran antara 1,783 Pt – 6,239 Pt. Program rekomendasi “Heat recovery system flue gas untuk umpan pembakaran Reforming Unit” terpilih berdasarkan pendekatan AHP yang dibuktikan dari nilai sebesar 0,765. Program ini berpotensi menurunkan dampak lingkungan Global warming sebesar 28,08%, Ozone formation, Human health sebesar 12,19%, dan Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystems sebesar 12,19%, sehingga penurunan dari total dampak lingkungan pada analisis karakterisasi sebesar 77,36%.
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The oil refinery industry is an important sector in the processing of fuel oil to encourage national development as a fulfillment of fuel and energy needs for the community as well as raw materials for an industry. In the process of processing the oil refinery industry there are core processing units which include the crude distillation unit (CDU), Naphtha Hydrotreater Unit (NHTU), Catalytic Reforming Unit (CRU) and Blending unit. Each of these units requires fuel oil or fuel gas to produce heat. The results of the combustion process provide a by-product in the form of residue and produce pollutants for the environment. Therefore it is necessary to conduct an environmental impact study using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method for the products produced. This study aims to identify the environmental impact of each operating unit of the fuel oil processing process based on a gate to gate approach. The method used in this study to categorize impacts uses ReCiPe 2016 with midpoint and endpoint impact assessments. In the LCA study it is necessary to support the study, so an analysis of uncertainty is carried out by assessing the quality of the resulting data to determine the probability of the data and an analysis is carried out using a Monte Carlo simulation. The resulting impact assessment is also used as a basis for determining program recommendations based on hotspot analysis, review of technical, financial and environmental aspects. So that the selection of recommendation programs is carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The results of the characterization analysis show that the production process of 1 ton of Gasoline RON 88 produces 7 midpoint impact categories and 2 endpoint iv impact categories. The midpoint impacts are global warming (36.948 kg CO2 eq), stratospheric ozone depletion (0.000196 kg CFC11 eq), ozone formation – human health (2.051 kg NOx eq), Fine particulate matter formation (0.226 kg PM2.5 eq), ozone formation - terrestrial ecosystems (2.051 kg NOx eq), terrestrial acidification (0.739 kg SO2 eq), land use (52.851 m2a crop eq), for endpoints namely human health impacts (0.000178 DALY), and ecosystem quality (0.000000596 Species .yr). In the normalization analysis, the dominant environmental impacts, namely Ozone Formation, Terrestrial Ecosystem, in the weighting analysis contribute to human health impacts (3,001 Pt) and ecosystem quality impacts (0,332 Pt), with a total impact value of (3,334 Pt), so that the unit the production that became a hotspot was the Catalytic Reforming Unit (CRU). Uncertainty analysis of the weighting of the Gasoline RON 88 production process produces human health impacts (0.193Pt - 0.589Pt) and ecosystem quality impacts (1.59 Pt - 5.65 Pt), with a total impact value in the range of 1.783 Pt - 6.239 Pt. The recommendation program "Heat recovery system flue gas for Reforming Unit combustion feed" was selected based on the AHP approach as evidenced by a value of 0.765. This program has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of Global warming by 28.08%, Ozone formation, Human Health by 12.19%, and Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystems by 12.19%, so that the reduction of the total environmental impact on the characterization analysis is 77.36 %.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	AHP, Dampak Lingkungan, Industri Kilang Minyak, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Gasoline RON 88, AHP, Environmental Impact, Oil Refinery Industrial, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Gasoline RON 88
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Dewa Indra Luqmana Budiono
Date Deposited:	07 Feb 2023 04:32
Last Modified:	07 Feb 2023 04:32
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/96326

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