Pra-Desain Pabrik Asam Klorida dari Elektrolisis Garam Industri

Darmawan, Muhammad Rafi (2022) Pra-Desain Pabrik Asam Klorida dari Elektrolisis Garam Industri. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pra-desain pabrik asam klorida (HCl) akan didirikan di Kota Gresik, Jawa Timur. Pabrik ini memiliki kapasitas produksi 50.000 ton/tahun. Produk yang dihasilkan adalah larutan HCl 33% dan produk samping larutan NaOH 32%. Bahan baku utama yang digunakan adalah garam industri NaCl beserta beberapa bahan baku penunjang seperti asam sulfat (H2SO4) 98%, natrium karbonat, dan bahan pretreatment lainnya. Metode produksi yang digunakan adalah elektrolisis garam klorida (NaCl) yang menghasilkan gas H2 dan Cl2 yang kemudian direaksikan untuk membentuk HCl. Mula-mula, garam masuk ke unit pretreatment dengan tujuan untuk menghilangkan impurities pada garam. Garam akan dilarutkan dengan air dan ditambahkan natrium karbonat serta flocculant sebagai reagen. Pengotor-pengotor akan terendap sebagai CaCO3 dan MgCO3. Larutan garam yang sudah bersih kemudian masuk ke sel elektrolisis. Tipe sel elektrolisis yang digunakan adalah sel membrane agar menghasilkan yield Cl2 yang optimal serta meminimalisir penggunaan energi listrik dalam prosesnya. Pada bagian anoda, ion Cl- teroksidasi menghasilkan gas Cl2. Sementara pada bagian katoda akan diumpankan larutan NaOH 30,5%. Pada katoda, air akan tereduksi menghasilkan gas H2 sementara ion Na+ pada anoda akan bergerak melalui membran berikatan dengan ion OH- menghasilkan larutan NaOH dengan konsentrasi 32% sebagai produk samping. Gas reaktan Cl2 dan H2 akan melalui proses treatment untuk menghilangkan air. Gas Cl2 perlu dibersihkan dari air sebab Cl2 basah bersifat korosif (Kidnay et al., 2011). Proses dilakukan dengan cara pendinginan sehingga air terkondensasi, dilanjutkan dengan penyerapan air oleh larutan H2SO4 pekat. Sementara itu, H2 dipisahkan dari air melalui pendinginan. Gas yang cukup terbebas dari air direaksikan dalam reaktor untuk membentuk gas HCl. Gas HCl kemudian dikontakkan dengan air dalam falling film absorber sehingga terbentuk larutan HCl 33%. Pabrik ini memerlukan capital expenditure sebesar Rp 515.085.433.216,5 dan operating expenditure sebesar Rp 179.661.463796,0. Melalui analisa ekonomi didapat NPV pabrik senilai Rp 1.038.691.809.525, IRR sebesar 24,22%, POT 5 tahun, dan BEP 32%. Berdasarkan analisa tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik HCl ini layak untuk didirikan.
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Pre-designed hydrochloric acid (HCl) plant will be established in Gresik City, East Java. This factory has a production capacity of 50,000 tons/year. The resulting product is 33% HCl solution and 32% NaOH solution as a side product. The main raw materials used are industrial salt NaCl along with several supporting raw materials such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 98%, sodium carbonate, and other pretreatment materials. The production method used is the electrolysis of chloride salt (NaCl) which produces H2 and Cl2 gases which are then reacted to form HCl. At first, the salt enters the pretreatment unit with the aim of removing impurities in the salt. The salt will be dissolved with water and added with sodium carbonate and flocculant as a reagent. The impurities will precipitate as CaCO3 and MgCO3. The clean saline solution then enters the electrolysis cell. The type of electrolysis cell used is a membrane cell in order to produce optimal Cl2 yield and minimize the use of electrical energy in the process. At the anode, Cl- ions are oxidized to produce Cl2 gas. Meanwhile, at the cathode, 30.5% NaOH solution will be fed. At the cathode, the water will be reduced to produce H2 gas while the Na+ ions at the anode will move through the membrane bound with OH- ions to produce a NaOH solution with a concentration of 32% as a by-product. The reactant gases Cl2 and H2 will go through a treatment process to remove water. Cl2 gas needs to be cleaned from water because wet Cl2 is corrosive (Kidnay et al., 2011). The process is carried out by cooling so that the water is condensed, followed by the absorption of water by a concentrated H2SO4 solution. Meanwhile, H2 is separated from water by cooling. The gas which is sufficiently free from water is reacted in the reactor to form HCl gas. The HCl gas is then contacted with water in a falling film absorber to form a 33% HCl solution. This factory requires a capital expenditure of Rp 515,085,433,216.5 and an operating expenditure of Rp 179,661,463796.0. Through economic analysis, the factory NPV is Rp 1,038,691,809,525, IRR is 24.22%, POT is 5 years, and BEP is 32%. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that the HCl plant is feasible to build.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	asam klorida (HCl), elektrolisis, garam (NaCl), klorin (Cl2), natrium hidroksida (NaOH)
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Architecture, Design, and Planning > Regional and Urban Planning
Depositing User:	Muhammad Rafi Darmawan
Date Deposited:	08 Feb 2023 07:17
Last Modified:	08 Feb 2023 07:17
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/96443

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