Optimasi Produksi Gula Pereduksi Dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Pretreatment Ultrasonik-Air Subkritis

Sangadji, Ningsi Lick (2023) Optimasi Produksi Gula Pereduksi Dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Pretreatment Ultrasonik-Air Subkritis. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopemberq.

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Abstract

Tandan kosong kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu limbah dari industry kelapa sawit dengan total produksi mencapai 20% dari total produksi kelapa sawit. Melimpahnya kandungan lignoselulosa pada kelapa sawit dapat dimanfaatkan dan dikonversi menjadi bahan kimia maupun bahan bakar berbasis bio. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengoptimalkan kondisi operasi dari pretreatment ultrasound – air subkritis untuk menghasilkan gula pereduksi dengan komposisi maksimal. Variabel yang diteliti diantaranya suhu (180 – 200 oC), waktu (60 – 80 menit), dan konsentrasi surfaktan SDS (1 – 5 %w/w) dengan respon konsentrasi gula pereduksi pada pretreatment air subkritis. Penilitian ini menggunakan Response Surface Methodology dengan rancangan Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD). Setelah dilakukan optimasi, TKKS hasil pretreatment pada kondisi optimum yang disarankan oleh software Minitab akan dilanjutkan pada tahapan hidrolisis enzimatik menggunakan enzim selulase. Kondisi optimum yang didapatkan adalah suhu 208 oC, waktu 78 menit, dan konsentrasi surfaktan 2,6% dengan peroleh TRS yang diharapkan adalah sebesar 6,04 g/L. Proses validasi juga dilakukan dan didapatkan relative eror sebesar 9,7%. Penggunaan pretreatment ultrasonikasi terbukti meningkatkan perolehan gula pereduksi pada proses air subkritis. Hidrolisis enzimatis dari TKKS hasil pretreatment gabungan menghasilkan gula pereduksi sebesar 9,22 g/L (peningkatan sebesar 324,7% dari raw TKKS) dengan yield gula pereduksi sebesar 45,64% (peningkatan sebesar 233,3% dari raw TKKS). Analisis terhadap perubahan kristalinitas, komposisi kimia, gugus fungsi lignoselulosa, maupun morfologi juga dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh dari pretreatment gabungan terhadap TKKS
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Empty palm fruit bunches are one of the waste products of the palm oil industry, with a total production of up to 20% of the total palm oil production. The abundance of lignocellulosic material found in oil palm can be converted into chemicals and biofuels. The objective of this study is to optimize the operating conditions of subcritical ultrasound – water pretreatment in order to produce reducing sugars with the highest possible concentration. Temperature (180 – 200 °C), time (60 – 80 minutes), and SDS surfactant concentration (1 – 5% w/w) were studied in relation to reducing sugar concentration. This investigation employs Response Surface Methodology and Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD). After optimization, the pretreated OPEFB at the optimal conditions suggested by the Minitab software will be subjected to cellulase enzyme hydrolysis. The optimal conditions obtained were 208 degrees Celsius, 78 minutes, a surfactant concentration of 2.6%, and an expected TRS gain of 6.04 grams per liter. In addition, the validation process was executed, and a relative error of 9.7% was determined. Ultrasonic pretreatment has been shown to increase the yield of reducing sugars in the subcritical water process by 57%. Enzymatic hydrolysis produces reducing sugars at a concentration of 9.22 g/L, a 224% increase over OPEFB without pretreatment. To determine how the combined pre-treatment affected OPEFB, changes in crystallinity, chemical composition, lignocellulosic functional groups, and morphology were also analyzed.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Air Subkritis, Gula Pereduksi, Respon Surface Methodology, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, Ultrasonikasi, Subcritical Water, Reducing Sugar, Response Surface Methodology, Empty Palm Fruit Bunches, Ultrasonication
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD767.7 Sewage sludge treatment and disposal T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS170 New products. Product Development
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Ningsi Lick Sangadji
Date Deposited:	11 Feb 2023 07:44
Last Modified:	11 Feb 2023 07:44
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/96712

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