Perencanaan Komposisi Armada Kapal Distribusi Semen Curah Dengan Pendekatan Discrete-Event Simulation

Salsabila, Adinda Dianingtyas Putri (2023) Perencanaan Komposisi Armada Kapal Distribusi Semen Curah Dengan Pendekatan Discrete-Event Simulation. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Manajemen transportasi memiliki peran penting dalam logistik karena memengaruhi responsivitas, efisiensi, dan kinerja rantai pasok. Salah satu moda transportasi paling ekonomis untuk mengirimkan muatan berjumlah banyak pada jarak jauh adalah transportasi laut. Perencanaan transportasi laut memiliki ketidakpastian yang tinggi, baik dari permintaan, waktu pelayaran, waktu pelabuhan, hingga biaya. Ketidakpastian dalam perencanaan transportasi laut dialami oleh PT XYZ, sebuah perusahaan produsen semen di Indonesia. PT XYZ mendistribusikan semen curah dari cement plant ke 3 packing plant menggunakan kapal yang disewa dengan skema freight charter. PT XYZ menghadapi isu stock out di packing plant dengan estimasi kerugian sebesar Rp5.639.200.000 hanya dalam kurun waktu 2 bulan yang disebabkan oleh kekurangan jumlah dan kapasitas kapal. Kekurangan jumlah dan kapasitas kapal disebabkan oleh pemberhentian kontrak carter akibat kenaikan ongkos angkut. Pendekatan discrete-event simulation digunakan untuk membantu menyelesaikan isu stock out di PT XYZ. Terdapat dua skenario perbaikan komposisi kapal yang dikembangkan. Skenario pertama hanya mempertimbangkan penggunaan kapal freight charter yang terdiri dari 9 subskenario dengan variasi jumlah dan kapasitas kapal. Skenario kedua mempertimbangkan penggunaan kapal beli dan kapal freight charter yang terdiri dari 18 subskenario dengan variasi jumlah, kapasitas, dan kebijakan rute kapal. Masing-masing skenario dibandingkan berdasarkan fill rate dan total biaya distribusi menggunakan kapal. Skenario yang menghasilkan fill rate terbesar dengan tetap meminimalkan total biaya distribusi menggunakan kapal akan dipilih sebagai rekomendasi untuk PT XYZ. Skenario komposisi kapal terbaik adalah menggunakan kapal freight charter berkapasitas 7.200 T dengan kebijakan rute dedicated untuk melayani pengiriman ke Packing Plant B, kapal freight charter berkapasitas 8.200 T dengan kebijakan rute dedicated untuk melayani pengiriman ke Packing Plant C, serta kapal beli berkapasitas 4.500 T dengan kebijakan rute undedicated untuk melayani pengiriman ke Packing Plant E dan Packing Plant B. Skenario komposisi kapal terbaik menghasilkan rata-rata fill rate sebesar 99,76%, total biaya distribusi menggunakan kapal sebesar Rp25.424.330.328, penurunan estimasi kerugian akibat stock out sebesar 97%, dan peningkatan estimasi pendapatan sebesar Rp5.479.947.247.
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Transportation management plays a notable role in logistics because it influences the responsiveness, efficiency, and performance of supply chains. One of the most economical transportation modes for shipping large amounts of cargo over long distances is maritime transportation. Maritime transportation planning is characterized by a high uncertainty in terms of demand, shipping time, port time, and cost. Uncertainty in maritime transportation planning is experienced by PT XYZ, a large cement company in Indonesia. PT XYZ distributes bulk cement from 1 cement plant to 3 packing plants using cement carriers chartered under a freight charter scheme. PT XYZ faced stock-out issues at its packing plant with an estimated loss of IDR 5,639,200,000 within only 2 months which was caused by the insufficient number and capacity of the fleet. The insufficient number and capacity of the fleet were caused by the termination of the charter contract due to an increase in the freight rate. The discrete-event simulation approach is used to help resolve stock-out issues at PT XYZ. There are two main improvement scenarios for the fleet composition. The first scenario only considers the use of a freight-chartered fleet, which consists of 9 sub-scenarios that vary in the number and capacity of the fleet. The second scenario considers the use of a purchased as well as freight-chartered fleet, which consists of 18 sub-scenarios that vary in the capacity, number, and routing policy of the fleet. Each scenario is then compared based on fill rate and total cost. The scenario that yields the largest fill rate while still minimizing the total cost will be selected as a recommendation for PT XYZ. The best fleet composition scenario is to use a 7,200 T freight-chartered fleet with a dedicated routing policy to serve shipments to Packing Plant B; an 8,200 T freight-chartered fleet with a dedicated routing policy to serve shipments to Packing Plant C; and a 4,500 purchased fleet with an undedicated routing policy to serve shipments to Packing Plant E and Packing Plant B. The best fleet composition scenario results in an average fill rate of 99.76%, a total cost of IDR 25,424,330,328, a decrease in estimated loss due to stock out by 97%, and increase in estimated revenue by IDR 5,479,947,247.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Transportasi Laut, Distribusi Semen Curah, Komposisi Armada, Discrete-Event Simulation, Maritime Transportation, Bulk Cement Distribution, Fleet Composition
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD38.5 Business logistics--Cost effectiveness. Supply chain management. ERP T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Adinda Dianingtyas Putri Salsabila
Date Deposited:	10 Feb 2023 04:16
Last Modified:	10 Feb 2023 04:16
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/96733

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