Rohmah, Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah (2022) Studi Keefektifan Penggunaan Filler Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) Terhadap Properti Poly Lactic Acid Melalui Optimasi Penambahan Plasticizer: Aplikasi Paper Coated Tableware. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
![[thumbnail of 6008211010-Master_Thesis.pdf]](http://repository.its.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
6008211010-Master_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 1 April 2025. Download (2MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) merupakan biokomposit yang memiliki biokompatibilitas, biodegradabilitas, dan berpotensi sebagai alternatif penggunaan plastik sintetis. Akan tetapi, PLA memiliki kelemahan yakni bersifat getas dan ketangguhanya yang buruk sehingga membatasi aplikasi yang lebih luas. Untuk memperbaikinya, dilakukan penambahan plasticizer untuk menurukan temperatur penggelasan (Tg), meningkatkan duktilitas, dan menaikkan processibility dari PLA. Namun, disamping kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan elongitas film, penggunaan plasticizer juga dapat menurukan kekuatan tarik. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, alternatif solusi adalah penambahan reinforce/filler berupa Selulosa nanokristal (CNC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan zat aditif terhadap karakteristik dari film yang dihasilkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah solvent blending melalui pengadukan 250 rpm, selama 6 jam pada suhu ruang. Evaporasi film dilakukan selama 24 jam pada kondisi tertutup. Proses optimasi Response Surface Methodology (RSM) metode Face Centered Composite Design (FCCD) juga dilakukan. Variabel bebas yang digunakan dalam proses optimasi berupa Rasio w/w PLA : Aditif yakni pada 85-95%PLA : 15-5% Aditif dan % (w/w) CNC : PEG 200 pada 50-100%CNC-50-0%PEG200, sementara variabel terikatnya berupa nilai elongation at break dalam proses optimasi dan tensile strength serta nilai modulus young pada hasil titik optimasi. Selain itu, untuk membandingkan keakuratan hipotesa, juga dilakukan penambahan variabel bebas berupa jenis plasticizer yakni gliserol dan sorbitol yang akan diujikan pada hasil titik optimum RSM. Variabel kontrol yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini berupa jenis PLA, jenis plasticizer, suhu eksperimen yakni 30 ℃, dan kecepatan pengadukan 250 rpm Pengujian pengaruh zat aditif terhadap film dilakukan melalui analisa X�Ray Diffraction (XRD) untuk mengetahui nilai kristalinitas, Differential Scannig Calorimetry (DSC) untuk mengetahui kestabilan termal film, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) untuk mengidentifikasi bahan kimia baik organik maupun anorganik serta uji analisa Dynamic Mechanical Analysis(DMA) untuk mengetahui tensile strength, modulus young dan elongation break. Melalui optimasi elongation at break, hasil optimum didapatkan pada penggunaan 90%PLA : 10%Aditif – 66%CNC : 34%PEG200, yakni sebesar 14,49%, tensile strenght dan modulus young berturut – turut sebesar 4,26 dan 22,95 Mpa. Pengujian pada titik optimum yang sama juga dilakukan pada penggunaan plasticizer gliserol dan sorbitol dengan hasil elongation at break berturut – turut sebesar 10 dan 91,25%. Sementara nilai tensile strenght dan modulus young yang dihasilkan berturut – turut sebesar 4,71 dan 5,12 Mpa untuk tensile strenght serta 46,74 dan 36,44 Mpa untuk modulus young. Penambahan zat aditif pada komposit juga mampu meningkatkan nilai kristalinitas, dan pada analisa morfologi terlihat adanya peningkatan pori pada komposit dibandingkan tanpa modifikasi yang mengindikasikan adanya dispersi pada komposit. Nilai indeks kristalinitas juga menunjukkan linieritas hasil uji elongation at break yang didapat, yakni semakin tinggi nilai elongation at break juga semakin tinggi pula indeks kristalinitas yang didapat. Selain itu terdapat penambahan peak pada analisa struktural yang mengindikasikan adanya dispersi antara aditif yang ditambahkan pada PLA. Nilai Glass Transition (Tg) menunjukkan penurunan pada PLA modifikasi dan tanpa modifikasi, yakni 43,22℃ pada 100%PLA menjadi 40,5 ℃ pada 90%PLA : 10%Aditif – 66%CNC : 34%PEG200 dan hal ini mengindikasikan adanya pertambahan nilai elongation at break. Melalui penelitian ini, diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam pembuatan film komposit pengganti LDPE salah satunya sebagai bahan coating tableware yang memiliki efisiensi ekonomi proses dan menghasilkan yield optimal. Selain itu komposit film ini juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan material biomedical tissue engineering.
===============================================================================================================================
Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) is a biocomposite that has biocompatibility, biodegradability, and potential as an alternative to the use of synthetic plastics. However, PLA has the disadvantage of being brittle and poor toughness, which limits its wider application. To fix this, plasticizers were added to lower the welding temperature (Tg), increase the ductility, and increase the processibility of PLA. However, besides its ability to increase film elongation, the use of plasticizers can also reduce tensile strength. To overcome this, an alternative solution is the addition of reinforce/filler in the form of nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding additives on the characteristics of the resulting film. The method used is solvent blending by stirring at 250 rpm for 6 hours at room temperature. Film evaporation was carried out for 24 hours under closed conditions. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization process using the Face Centered Composite Design (FCCD) method was also carried out. The independent variables used in the optimization process are the ratio w/w PLA : Additives namely at 85-95% PLA : 15-5% Additives and % (w/w) CNC : PEG 200 at 50-100% CNC-50-0% PEG200, while the dependent variable is the value of elongation at break in the optimization process and tensile strength and Young's modulus value in the results of the optimization point. In addition, to compare the accuracy of the hypothesis, the independent variable was also added in the form of the type of plasticizer, namely glycerol and sorbitol which would be tested at the optimum point of RSM. The control variables used in this study were the type of PLA, the type of plasticizer, the experimental temperature was 30 ℃, and the stirring speed was 250 rpm. DSC) to determine the thermal stability of the film, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to identify both organic and inorganic chemicals as well as Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) analysis test to determine tensile strength, young's modulus and elongation break. By optimizing elongation at break, optimum results were obtained by using 90% PLA : 10% Additive – 66% CNC : 34% PEG200, which is 14.49%, tensile strength and young's modulus respectively 4.26 and 22.95 Mpa. Tests at the same optimum point were also carried out on the use of glycerol and sorbitol plasticizers with elongation at break results of 10 and 91.25%, respectively. While the values for tensile strength and young's modulus were 4.71 and 5.12 MPa for tensile strength and 46.74 and 36.44 MPa for young's modulus, respectively. The addition of additives to the composite is also able to increase the crystallinity value, and in the morphological analysis it appears that there is an increase in pores in the composite compared to no modification which indicates the presence of dispersion in the composite. The value of the crystallinity index also shows the linearity of the results of the elongation at break test obtained, that is, the higher the elongation at break value, the higher the crystallinity index obtained. In addition, there is an additional peak in the structural analysis which indicates a dispersion between the additives added to the PLA. The Glass Transition (Tg) value shows a decrease in modified and unmodified PLA, namely 43.22 ℃ at 100% PLA to 40.5 ℃ at 90% PLA : 10% Additive – 66% CNC : 34% PEG200 and this indicates the presence increase in elongation value at break. Through this research, it is hoped that it can become a reference in making composite films to replace LDPE, one of which is as a tableware coating material that has an economic process efficiency and produces optimal yields. In addition, this composite film can also be used as a biomedical tissue engineering material.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Cellulose nanocrystal, Bioplastic, Polylactic acid, Polyethylene glycol, Solvent blending |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah Rohmah |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Feb 2023 14:55 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Feb 2023 14:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/96903 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |