Analisis Dampak Hilirisasi Terhadap Permintaan dan Penawaran Transportasi Laut: Studi Kasus Ekspor Nikel

Alifia, Sella Fitri (2023) Analisis Dampak Hilirisasi Terhadap Permintaan dan Penawaran Transportasi Laut: Studi Kasus Ekspor Nikel. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Program hilirisasi mineral yang saat ini gencar diberlakukan oleh pemerintah mendorong banyak pembangunan smelter sebagai tempat pengolahan dan pemurnian. Salah satu komoditas bahan tambang tersebut adalah nikel. Saat ini, nikel hanya boleh dipasarkan dalam pasar domestik dan harus diolah terlebih dahulu agar bisa diekspor. Setelah pembatasan ekspor nikel, rancangan hilirisasi mineral selanjutnya adalah bahan olahan smelter, salah satunya adalah feronikel. Tugas Akhir ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah kebutuhan transportasi laut ketika feronikel dipasarkan dalam pasar domestik dengan metode optimasi dan perbandingan tarif dengan regular liner untuk mengetahui pengiriman moda feronikel mana yang lebih ekonomis. Analisis dilakukan dalam 2 (dua) tahap, yakni pengiriman dari tambang menuju smelter dan smelter menuju pabrik stainless steel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengiriman 2.093.000 ton nikel dari tambang menuju smelter melalui 5 (lima) rute terpilih dan membutuhkan 6 (enam) tug-barge dengan variasi ukuran 270 kaki, 300 kaki, dan 365 kaki dengan biaya satuan total 56,97 USD/ton. Sementara, dengan permintaan feronikel sebesar 2.193.000 ton, pengiriman dari smelter menuju pabrik stainless steel membutuhkan 18 kapal general cargo dengan variasi ukuran dari DWT 1.000 hingga 27.000. Terpilih skema pengiriman dengan transshipment, dimana pengiriman tersebut dibagi menjadi 2 (dua), yakni dari smelter ke pelabuhan hub, kemudian dari pelabuhan hub menuju smelter. Biaya satuan total dengan skema pengiriman tersebut didapat sebesar 606,4 USD/ton. Ketika dilakukan perbandingan dengan tarif regular liner, perolehan tarif perhitungan jauh lebih murah. Agar setara, margin keuntungan yang harus ditambahkan ke dalam rute Makassar-Surabaya, Makassar-Jakarta, dan Makassar-Banten secara berturut-turut adalah 190%, 65%, dan 250%.
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The mineral downstream program which is now being intensively implemented by the government has encouraged many smelters construction. One of these mining commodities is nickel. Currently, nickel can only be marketed in the domestic market and must be processed before it can be exported. After the restriction on nickel exports, the next mineral downstream plan is the smelter processed materials, one of them is ferronickel. This Final Project aims to determine the amount of demand for sea transportation when ferronickel is marketed in the domestic market with optimization methods and tariff comparisons with regular liners to find out which mode of ferronickel shipping is more economical. The analysis was carried out in two stages, namely shipping from the mine to the smelter and the smelter to the stainless steel factory. For shipping 2,093,000 tons nickel from mine to smelter, six tug-barges are required with various sizes of 270 kaki, 300 kaki and 365 kaki with a total unit cost of 56.97 USD/ton. Meanwhile, with ferronickel demand of 2,193,000 tons, shipping from ferronickel smelter to stainless steel factory requires 18 general cargo ships with various capacity, starting from DWT 1,000 until 27,000. The chosen delivery option is transshipment system, where the shipment is divided into two category, from smelter to hub port, then from hub port to factory. The total unit cost with this delivery scheme is 606,4 USD/ton. When a comparison is made with the regular liner fare, the calculation fare is much cheaper. The profit margin that must be added to the Makassar-Surabaya, Makassar-Jakarta and Makassar-Banten routes is 190%, 65% and 250%, respectively.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	feronikel, nikel, optimasi, smelter, transhipment
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE336.C5 Choice of transportation H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE336.R68 Route choice H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE564.A1 Shipping H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE566.F7 Freighters. Cargo ships Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA402.6 Transportation problems (Programming)
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Transportation Engineering > 21207-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Sella Fitri Alifia
Date Deposited:	14 Feb 2023 07:56
Last Modified:	14 Feb 2023 07:56
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/97078

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