Analisa Performance High Pressure Heater Jenis Shell and Tube di PLTU Labuhan

Bakhri, Gilang Noor Adha (2023) Analisa Performance High Pressure Heater Jenis Shell and Tube di PLTU Labuhan. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pada PLTU terdapat alat penukar panas yang dipakai adalah High Pressure Heater. High Pressure Heater adalah alat pemanas air pengisi lanjut bertekanan tinggi yang menggunakan uap panas hasil ekstraksi turbin sebagai media pemanasnya sebelum masuk economizer pada boiler. Komponen ini terdiri dari sebuah shell silindris di bagian luar dan sejumlah tube (tube bundle) di bagian dalam dimana temperatur fluida di dalam shell berbeda dengan temperatur di dalam tube sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya perpindahan panas antar aliran fluida. Sebagai salah satu komponen di PLTU, High Pressure Heater memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam menjaga temperatur air pengisi yang masuk kedalam boiler, maka semakin baik nilai efisiensi dari High Pressure Heater (HPH) akan meningkatkan efisiensi dari boiler sehingga dapat menghemat biaya operasional harian dari PLTU. High Pressure Heater Di PLTU Labuhan Terdapat Perbedaan Temperature feedwater dan uap ekstraksi Pada data Design dan Aktual yang dimana pada data aktual temperature feedwater mengalami penurunan temperature. Hal ini menyebabkan turunnya nilai efektifitas. Maka dari itu dilakukan penelitian untuk meningkatkan nilai efektivitas pada Actual dengan melakukan variasi flow rate feedwater agar mencapai nilai efektifitas sesuai dengan design atau lebih.
Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengumpulan data di PLTU Labuhan meliputi temperature feedwater inlet, temperature feedwater outlet, temperature uap ekstraksi inlet, temperature uap ekstraksi outlet, flow rate massa feedwater, tekanan feedwater, dan tekanan uap ekstraksi. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan menghitung rata rata temperature masuk dan keluar dari masing masing fluida, dicari properties dari setiap fluida., menhitung balance energi, menghitung laju perpindahan panas dari sisi shell and tube, menghitung besar ΔTLMTD, menghitung terminal temperature difference (TTD), menghitung Drain Cooler Approach (DCA), menghitung velocity dalam tube dan bilangan nuselt, menghitung Overal Heat Transfer Coefficient, menghitung koefisien konveksi dalam tube, menghitung rasio Kapasitas Panas (Cr), Menghitung nilai NTU.
Setelah dilakukan analisa didapati bahwa berdasarkan Batasan-batasan yang telah ditentukan maka dari perhitungan diperoleh hasil variasi laju aliran massa feedwater 283.59 kg/s memiliki nilai effectiveness paling besar sebesar 95% daripada effectiveness hasil design sebesar 90% yang meningkat sebesar 5%. Sedangkan untuk variasi laju aliran massa feedwater 246.59 kg/s memiliki nilai effectiveness paling kecil sebesar 86% daripada effectiveness hasil designnya yang menurun sekitar 4%.
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At the PLTU there is a heat exchanger used is a High Pressure Heater. High Pressure Heater is a high pressure filler water heater that uses hot steam extracted from the turbine as the heating medium before entering the economizer in the boiler. This component consists of a cylindrical shell on the outside and a number of tubes (tube bundles) on the inside where the fluid temperature inside the shell is different from the temperature inside the tube resulting in heat transfer between fluid flows. As one of the components in the PLTU, the High Pressure Heater has a very important role in maintaining the temperature of the fill water that enters the boiler, so the better the efficiency value of the High Pressure Heater (HPH) will increase the efficiency of the boiler so that it can save the daily operational costs of the PLTU . High Pressure Heater at PLTU Labuhan There is a difference in the temperature of the feedwater and extraction steam in the design and actual data, where in the actual data the temperature of the feedwater has decreased in temperature. This causes a decrease in the value of effectiveness. Therefore, research was carried out to increase the effectiveness value of Actual by varying the feedwater flow rate in order to achieve an effectiveness value according to the design or more.
In this study, data were collected at PLTU Labuhan including feedwater inlet temperature, feedwater outlet temperature, inlet extraction steam temperature, outlet extraction steam temperature, feedwater mass flow rate, feedwater pressure, and extraction steam pressure. The research method used is calculating the average inlet and outlet temperatures of each fluid, looking for the properties of each fluid, calculating the energy balance, calculating the heat transfer rate from the shell and tube side, calculating the magnitude of ΔTLMTD, calculating the terminal temperature difference (TTD), calculating Drain Cooler Approach (DCA), calculates the Velocity in the tube and nuselt number, calculates the Overal Heat Transfer Coefficient, calculates the convection coefficient in the tube, calculates the ratio of Heat Capacity (Cr), Calculates the NTU value.
After analysis, it was found that based on predetermined limitations, the calculation results obtained from variations in the feedwater mass flow rate of 283.59 kg/s had the greatest effectiveness value of 95% compared to the design effectiveness of 90% which increased by 5%. Meanwhile, for variations in the feedwater mass flow rate of 246.59 kg/s, it has the smallest effectiveness value of 86% compared to the effectiveness of the design results, which has decreased by around 4%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	High Pressure Heater, TTD, DCA, Overall Heat Transfer coefficient, effectiveness
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263 Heat exchangers
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Gilang Noor Adha Bakhri
Date Deposited:	15 Feb 2023 05:50
Last Modified:	15 Feb 2023 05:50
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/97291

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