Ardianto, Sigit Kusumawan (2023) Manajemen Risiko Penggunaan Biomassa sebagai Alternatif Bahan Bakar Co-firing untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Trend dunia saat ini sedang beralih dari penggunaan energi fosil konvensional menuju energi baru dan terbarukan. Pemerintah Indonesia melalui PT. PLN (Persero) menargetkan bauran energi baru terbarukan sebesar 23% pada tahun 2023 dan Net Zero Emission (NZE) pada tahun 2060. PT PLN Nusantara Power (PLN NP) selaku perusahaan sub-holding dari PT. PLN (Persero) turut mendukung usaha tersebut dengan terus meningkatkan penggunaan bauran energi baru terbarukan melalui co-firing biomassa di PLTU batubara yang dikelola. Pada pelaksanaannya, penggunaan biomassa sebagai bahan bakar campuran batubara dalam proses co-firing dapat menimbulkan permasalahan dan risiko tersendiri, seperti yang dibahas dalam penelitan ini. Penelitian menggunakan cara pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, diskusi dan kuesioner kepada responden karyawan PLN NP Kantor Pusat dan Unit PLTU Batubara di Jawa pada level Technician, Senior Technician dan Specialist dengan masa kerja minimal lima tahun. Dari hasil pengumpulan data didapatkan risiko gangguan yang menjadi perhatian utama pengelola unit pembangkit yaitu terjadinya derating atau penurunan daya output pembangkit karena penurunan atau rendahnya nilai kalor biomassa yang digunakan, disamping risiko-risiko lainnya yang juga diidentifikasi di dalam penelitian dengan menggunakan metode FMEA. Dalam penerapan FMEA juga dianalisis tingkat keparahan, kejadian, dan deteksi risiko untuk menghasilkan Risk Priority Number (RPN). Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, terdapat sebelas risiko yang berpotensi mengganggu proses operasional pembangkit dan didapatkan risiko kritikal yaitu terjadinya unit derating karena biomassa lembab dan basah, variasi nilai yang besar pada kalori biomassa, serta kalori hasil pencampuran batubara dengan biomassa yang terlalu rendah. Dari risiko kritikal tersebut dirumuskan delapan alternatif mitigasi risiko yang diprioritisasi menggunakan metode Analytic Network Process (ANP) untuk dapat menjadi bahan masukan bagi perusahaan dalam memitigasi risiko pelaksanaan co-firing biomassa di pembangkit listrik.
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The world trend is currently shifting from the use of conventional fossil energy to new and renewable energy. The Indonesian Government through PT. PLN (Persero) is targeting a new and renewable energy mix of 23% in 2023 and Net Zero Emission (NZE) in 2060. PT PLN Nusantara Power (PLN NP) as a sub-holding company of PT. PLN (Persero) also supports this effort by continuing to increase the use of the new renewable energy mix through co-firing of biomass in managed coal-fired power plants. In practice, the use of biomass as a mixed fuel for coal in the co-firing process can pose its own problems and risks, as discussed in this research. The research used data collection methods by interviews, discussions and questionnaires to respondents from PLN NP Head Office and Coal Power Plant Units in Java at the level of Technician, Senior Technician and Specialist with a minimum working period of five years. From the results of the data collection, it was found that the disturbance risk which is the main concern of the generation unit team is the occurrence of derating or a decrease in the power output of the generator due to a decrease or low calorific value of the biomass used, in addition to other risks which were also identified in research using the FMEA method. In the application of FMEA, the level of severity, occurrence, and risk detection is also analyzed to calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN). Based on the research conducted, there are eleven risks that have the potential to disrupt the operational process of the power plant and critical risks are obtained, namely the occurrence of derating units due to moist and wet biomass, large variations in the value of biomass calories, and calories from mixing coal with biomass that are too low. From these critical risks, eight risk mitigation alternatives were formulated which were prioritized using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method to be used as input for companies in mitigating the risk of biomass co-firing in steam power plants.
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | NZE, Risiko, Co-firing Biomassa, FMEA, ANP |
Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD61 Risk Management |
Depositing User: | Sigit Kusumawan Ardianto |
Date Deposited: | 10 Jul 2023 03:57 |
Last Modified: | 10 Jul 2023 03:57 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/98392 |
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