Model Sistem Dinamik untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) (Studi Kasus: BUMDes Bejo)

Alfiyanti, Ening Tri Ayu (2023) Model Sistem Dinamik untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) (Studi Kasus: BUMDes Bejo). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Pembangunan nasional merupakan cita-cita bangsa yang dapat diwujudkan melalui kontribusi pembangunan desa. Namun, tingkat kemiskinan yang terjadi di Indonesia masih tinggi dan justru didominasi oleh warga desa. Hal ini mengisyaratkan bahwa kesejahteraan warga desa masih perlu banyak dilakukan peningkatan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu melalui optimalisasi Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes).
Permasalahan: Berdasar data yang dilucurkan oleh Menteri Desa Pembangunan Daerah Teringgal & Transmigrasi (Mendes PDTT), jumlah BUMDes di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan hingga pada 2019 terdapat 50.199-unit BUMDes. Namun, peningkatan jumlah BUMDes tidak dibarengi dengan luaran yang sejalan. Hal ini disebabkan karena kualitas pengelolaan dan proses pengambilan keputusan yang belum optimal. Hal ini berimbas pada banyaknya BUMDes yang mangkrak dan tidak mampu meningkatkan pendapatan dari sektor usaha yang dimiliki dan tidak bisa berkontribusi maksimal pada desa.
Tujuan: Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi variabel dan jenis kebijakan yang dapat membantu meningkatkan pendapatan BUMDes. Serta, merancang model sistem dinamik alur pendapatan BUMDes yang terletak di Desa Torongrejo, Jawa Timur.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Sistem Dinamik dengan bantuan tools Vensim PLE 9.4.0. Metode Sistem dinamik digunakan pada penelitian ini karena dapat memperkirakan dampak perubahan pada sistem tanpa memengaruhi sistem nyata. Selain itu, model sistem dinamik dapat memperkirakan keadaan dalam beberapa waktu ke depan. Sehingga, memungkinkan pemodel dan peran terkait untuk membuat keputusan terbaik berdasar model yang akurat.
Hasil: Penelitian ini menghasilkan Causal Loop Diagram, Stock & Flow Diagram, dan skenario peningkatan promosi, pengadaan pelatihan dengan pembiayaan oleh BUMDes, serta pengadaan pelatihan usaha dengan peningkatan presentase bagi hasil. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, didapatkan bahwa peningkatan promosi memberi efektif peningkatan pendapatan sebesar 186,10%. Kemudian untuk skenario Pendampingan Usaha Mitra mampu memberi peningkatan sebesar 211,05% dan dibarengi dengan skenario Penambahan Jumlah Perahu Disewakan mampu memberi dampak terhadap pendapatan sebesar 61,40%. Hasil pemodelan sistem dinamik tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dan alat pendukung dalam menentukan keputusan terbaik sebagai upaya peningkatan pendapatan BUMDes.
Nilai Tambah: Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan solusi efektif bagi pemerintah serta pembandingnya berdasarkan simulasi terkait usaha penurunan tingkat kemiskinan melalui optimalisasi pendapatan BUMDes. Hasil tersebut dapat dijadikan pertimbangan dalam pengelolaan BUMDes dengan menerapkan skenario peningkatan promosi, pengadaan pelatihan sebagai bentuk pendampingan mitra usaha, serta pengadaan penambahan jumlah perahu disewakan pada unit usaha Banyu Rancang.
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Context: National development is the ideal of the nation which can be realized through the contribution of village development. However, the level of poverty that occurs in Indonesia is still high and is actually dominated by villagers. This indicates that the welfare of the villagers still needs to be improved. One way that can be done is through optimizing village-owned enterprises (BUMDes).
Problem: Based on data released by the Minister of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions & Transmigration (Mendes PDTT), the number of BUMDes in Indonesia continues to increase so that in 2019 there were 50,199 BUMDes. However, the increase in the number of BUMDes was not accompanied by consistent results. This is due to the quality of management and decision-making processes that have not been optimal. This has an impact on the number of BUMDes that are stalled and unable to increase income from the business sector they own and cannot contribute optimally to the village.
Objective: Therefore, this study aims to identify what variables and effective policy that can help in the mission of increasing BUMDes revenue. As well as, designing a dynamic system model for BUMDes revenue streams located in Torongrejo Village, East Java.
Method: The method used in this research is System Dynamic with the help of Vensim PLE 9.4.0 tools. The system dynamic method was chosen for this research because it can estimate the impact of changes on the system without affecting the real system. In addition, the system dynamic model can predict the situation in the future. Thus, enabling modelers and related roles to make the best decisions based on an accurate model.
Result: This study produced Causal Loop Diagrams, Stock & Flow Diagrams, and scenarios for increasing promotion, providing training with funding from BUMDes, and providing business training with an increased percentage of profit sharing. Based on the simulation results, it was found that an increase in promotion gave an effective increase in revenue of 186.10%. Then for the Partner Business Assistance scenario it is able to provide an increase of 211.05% and coupled with the scenario of adding the Number of Boats for Rent can have an impact on income of 61.40%. The results of the dynamic system modeling can be used as a reference and supporting tool in determining the best decisions as an effort to increase BUMDes revenue.
Value Added: The results of this study are to provide effective solutions for the government and its comparison based on simulations related to efforts to reduce poverty through optimizing BUMDes revenue. These results can be taken into consideration in the management of BUMDes by implementing an increase in promotion scenario, providing training as a form of mentoring business partners, as well as procuring an additional number of boats for rent to the Banyu Rancang business unit.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	BUMDes, Kemiskinan, Model Simulasi, Pendapatan, Sistem Dinamik, Dynamic System, Income, Poverty, Simulation Model.
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.83 Dynamic programming T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.62 Decision support systems
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Information System > 57201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Ening Tri Ayu Alfiyanti
Date Deposited:	12 Jul 2023 01:52
Last Modified:	12 Jul 2023 01:52
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/98418

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