Keanekaragaman Jamur di Batuan Candi dengan Pendekatan Morfologi dan Molekular Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)

Wijayanti, Chantika (2023) Keanekaragaman Jamur di Batuan Candi dengan Pendekatan Morfologi dan Molekular Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Candi di Indonesia mayoritas tersusun oleh batu bata merah dan batu andesit. Batu bata merah termasuk material penyusun batuan candi yang memiliki porositas tinggi sehingga mudah mengalami pelapukan. Pelapukan batuan candi paling banyak dijumpai akibat pelapukan fisik dan pelapukan biologis. Faktor fisik seperti air hujan dapat meningkatkan kelembaban pada batuan candi sehingga membuat tumbuh suburnya jamur dan lichen. Penelitian terkait eksplorasi keanekaragaman jamur pada batuan candi yang tersusun dari batu andesit telah banyak dilakukan, namun identifikasi keanekaragaman pada penelitian tersebut masih terbatas pada tingkat genus. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi mengenai keanekaragaman fungi di batuan candi dengan material penyusun bata merah pada tingkat spesies sehingga dapat diketahui keanekaragaman spesiesnya. Identifikasi keanekaragaman dapat dilakukan dengan identifikasi morfologi dan molekular. Tujuan dalam penelitian adalah mengetahui keanekaragaman jamur di batuan candi melalui pendekatan morfologi dan molekular ITS. Dalam melakukan identifikasi morfologi dilakukan karakterisasi makroskopis dengan pengamatan secara visual meliputi warna koloni pada permukaan dan balik koloni, tepi koloni, tekstur koloni, diameter koloni, bentuk koloni, dan permukaan koloni. Sedangkan karakterisasi mikroskopis dilakukan dengan teknik slide culture dengan pengamatan karakter meliputi struktur hifa dan struktur reproduksi. Identifikasi molekular dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan meliputi ekstraksi DNA menggunakan kit Wizard Genomic ex Promega Corp, amplifikasi DNA menggunakan marka ITS yang kemudian divisualisasi menggunakan Gel Documenter, sekuensing DNA, penentuan spesies isolat dengan BLAST, dan rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik menggunakan MEGA 11. Spesies yang teridentifikasi berasal dari kelas Sordariomycetes dan Eurotiomycetes, didominasi oleh kelas Eurotiomycetes yaitu Talaromyces funiculosus (isolat CB L1B), Talaromyces purpureogenus (isolat CB L3A), Penicillium oxalicum (isolat CB L4A), Penicillium cataractarum (isolat CT TL3), Aspergillus aflatoxiformans (isolat CT TL4). Sedangkan spesies teridentifikasi yang berasal dari kelas Sordariomycetes yaitu Purpureocillium lilacinum (isolat CB L1C), Trichoderma anaharzianum (isolat CB L3B), Fusarium equiseti (isolat CT L41).
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The majority of temples in Indonesia are composed of red bricks and andesite stones. Red brick is a temple building material that has high porosity so it is easily weathered. Weathering of temple is most often found due to physical weathering and biological weathering. Physical factors such as rain water can increase the humidity in the temple so that it makes the growth of fungi and lichen. Research related to the exploration of fungal diversity in temples composed of andesite stones has been carried out a lot, but the identification of diversity in these studies is still limited to the genus level. Therefore, in this study, identification of the diversity of fungi in the temple with red brick constituent materials was carried out at the species level so that species diversity could be identified. Identification of diversity can be done by morphological and molecular identification. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of fungi in the temples through morphological and molecular approaches to ITS. In carrying out morphological identification, macroscopic characterization was carried out by visual observation including colony color on the surface and back of the colony, colony edges, colony texture, colony diameter, colony shape, and colony surface. Meanwhile, microscopic characterization was carried out using slide culture technique with character observations including hyphal structures and reproductive structures. Molecular identification was carried out in several stages including DNA extraction using the Genomic ex Promega Corp Wizard kit, DNA amplification using ITS markers which was then visualized using Gel Documenter, DNA sequencing, determination of isolate species with BLAST, and phylogenetic tree reconstruction using MEGA 11. The identified species came from class Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes, dominated by class Eurotiomycetes, namely Talaromyces funiculosus (isolate CB L1B), Talaromyces purpureogenus (isolate CB L3A), Penicillium oxalicum (isolate CB L4A), Penicillium cataractarum (isolate CT TL3), Aspergillus aflatoxiformans (isolate CT TL4). While the identified species from the Sordariomycetes class were Purpureocillium lilacinum (CBL1C isolate), Trichoderma anaharzianum (CB L3B isolate), Fusarium equiseti (CT L41 isolate).

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	candi, filogenetik, ITS, jamur, keanekaragaman, morfologi diversity, ITS, mushrooms, morphology, phylogenetic, temple
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Biology > QH301 Biology Q Science > QP Physiology > QP519.9.E434 Electrophoresis. Q Science > QP Physiology > QP624 Molecular biology. Q Science > QR Microbiology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Chantika Wijayanti
Date Deposited:	18 Jul 2023 08:26
Last Modified:	18 Jul 2023 08:26
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/98587

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