Pemanfaatan Sludge IPAL Industri Susu Sebagai Media Pembibitan Tanaman Bayam, Kangkung, dan Sawi Hijau

Gildayaqutah, Jacinda Wafiq (2023) Pemanfaatan Sludge IPAL Industri Susu Sebagai Media Pembibitan Tanaman Bayam, Kangkung, dan Sawi Hijau. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

PT.XYZ merupakan salah satu perusahaan di bidang produksi susu dengan bermula dari GKSI di Pandaan. Industri susu PT.XYZ telah dilengkapi dengan fasilitas IPAL dengan pengolahan biologis. Namun, pengolahan tersebut memunculkan permasalahan baru yaitu timbulnya sludge karena adanya aktivitas mikroorganisme dalam menguraikan polutan organik pada air limbah. Sludge IPAL termasuk Limbah B3 kategori 2 yang dapat mencemari lingkungan, sehingga perlu dipastikan aman pemanfaatannya kembali bagi kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. Hingga saat ini, PT.XYZ telah memanfaatkan sludge sebagai media tanam, namun dengan dosis yang bebas dan tidak ditentukan. Padahal, sludge susu memiliki kandungan yang kaya nitrogen, fosfor, kalium, dan nutrisi lainnya sebagai soil additive apabila dosis yang diberikan tepat dan sesuai kebutuhan tanaman. Sludge juga mengandung mikroba pengurai yang dapat menyempurnakan proses decomposting dan menyuburkan tanah. Meninjau potensi tersebut, maka dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pemanfaatan sludge IPAL pada Tugas Akhir ini.
Variabel penelitian adalah variasi rasio penambahan sludge yang didapatkan dari hasil RFT dengan persentase berat basah 0%; 20%; 40; 60%; 80%; dan 100% sludge dan tanaman uji berupa tanaman bayam hijau, kangkung darat, dan sawi hijau. Penelitian pendahuluan dimulai dengan pembibitan tanaman uji selama 10 hari dan kegiatan RFT selama 14 hari. Dilakukan juga uji karakteristik sludge menggunakan analisis ayakan dan kadar air untuk mengetahui tekstur media tanam. Sementara penelitian utama dilakukan dengan memindahkan tanaman ke reaktor dan diamati pertumbuhannya selama 30 hari. Tanaman akan diukur tinggi, jumlah daun, dan pH setiap dua hari sekali untuk uji Anova. Diukur juga nitrogen, fosfor, kalium, dan c-organik dari awal hingga akhir penelitian.
Berdasarkan penelitian didapatkan variasi rasio penambahan sludge yang paling berpengaruh terhadap tinggi dan jumlah daun tanaman bayam, kangkung, dan sawi berturut-turut sludge 60%; 100%; dan 80% dengan rata-rata pH antara 7,5 hingga 8,2. Pertumbuhan tersebut dipengaruhi kandungan unsur hara makro berupa N, P, K, dan C-Organik pada sludge yang relatif tinggi yaitu berturut-turut 14,95 mg/L; 83,56 mg/L; 15,32 mg/L; dan 56,24% sehingga berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai media tanam. Perbedaan tekstur media tanam antara pasir dan liat juga perlu disesuaikan dengan karakteristik tanaman uji terkait kandungan unsur hara dan humus, daya tampung air, porositas tanah, dan kemampuan penetrasi akar. Sludge memiliki kadar air sebesar 88% yang mana nilai tersebut sesuai dengan kebutuhan air dalam tanah ketiga tanaman uji dengan nilai lebih dari 50%. Pada uji Anova penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi media tanam mempengaruhi secara signifikan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, namun tidak pada penambahan jumlah daun.
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PT.XYZ is a company which produces milk, originating from GKSI in Pandaan. PT.XYZ's milk industry has been equipped a WWTP with biological treatment. However, this treatment actually creates a new problem that is production sludge due to activity of microorganisms in decomposing organic pollutants. WWTP sludge is included in Hazardous Waste Category 2 which can pollute the environment, so it’s necessary to ensure that it will be safe for human health and environment. Right now, PT.XYZ has utilized sludge as planting media, but with unrestrained and unspecified dosages. In fact, sludge of milk has rich containing of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients as soil additive if the doses are correct and according to plant’s needs. Sludge also contains microbes which complete the decomposition process and fertilize the soil. Reviewing the potential, further research was carried out the utilization of milk industry sludge in this Final Project.
The variables are variation of WWTP sludge ratio obtained from RFT results with percentage of 0%; 20%; 40; 60%; 80%; and 100% gross weight and the test plants are green spinach, ground water spinach, and caisim. Preliminary research was started with plant nursery for 10 days and RFT for 14 days. Sludge characteristics were also tested using sieve and water analysis to determine the texture of planting media. While main research was carried out by transferring plants to reactors and observing their growth for 30 days. Plants will be measured for height, number of leaves, and pH every two days for Anova test. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and c-organic were also measured out from the beginning to end of research.
Based on research, the influential sludge variation on height and number of leaves of green spinach, water spinach, and caisim consecutive are sludge 60%; 100%; and 80% with average pH between 7,5 to 8,2. This growth was affected by the high content of macronutrients inside sludge such as N, P, K, and C-Organic with number 14,95 mg/L; 83,56 mg/L; 15,32 mg/L; and 56,24% which potential for planting. The difference texture of media between sand and clay also needs to be adjusted with plants characteristics concerning of nutrient and humus, water holding capacity, soil porosity, and root penetration. Sludge contains water capacity of 88% which accordance with the test plants by more than 50%. For ANOVA test, the research indicated that sludge variations significantly affected plant’s height, but not for the number of leaves.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kata kunci: Sludge IPAL, Media Tanam, Industri Susu, Soil Additive, Unsur Hara Keywords: WWTP Sludge, Planting Media, Milk Industry, Soil Additive, Nutrients
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD767.7 Sewage sludge treatment and disposal
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Jacinda Wafiq Gildayaqutah
Date Deposited:	26 Jul 2023 14:39
Last Modified:	26 Jul 2023 14:39
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/99498

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