Optimasi Kinerja Heat Exchanger Pada Unit Asam Fosfat

Az Zahra, Fatima and Pratama, Hilmy Dzaky Edo (2023) Optimasi Kinerja Heat Exchanger Pada Unit Asam Fosfat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Salah satu Heat exchanger pada unit asam fosfat mempunyai permasalahan kerak pada tube. Kerak ini disebabkan adanya reaksi antara batuan fosfat dengan asam sulfat yang menghasilkan kalsium sulfat (CaSO4) pada kandungan larutan asam fosfat 40%. Pada kondisi aktual, kerak ini menyebabkan pabrik harus melakukan proses pembersihan 7-14 hari sekali.
Hal ini menurunkan kinerja dari alat heat exchanger dalam proses perpindahan panas. Indikator untuk mengetahui besarnya nilai kerak yang ada pada tube didapat melalui hasil perhitungan faktor pengotor (Rd). Besarnya faktor pengotor tidak hanya disebabkan oleh adanya reaksi pembentuk kerak, namun juga kondisi operasi yang tidak sesuai dengan desain. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan pengaturan kondisi operasi untuk memperkecil nilai Rd melalui pembesaran nilai ΔT pada sisi shell dengan batasan perhitungan hanya pada alat heat exchanger. Besarnya nilai ΔT akan menunjukan perpindahan kalor secara maksimal. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan menggunakan metode Kern, didapatkan hasil Rd rata-rata selama 7 hari sebelum dan sesudah optimasi. Pada nilai ΔT rata-rata 105,6oC didapatkan nilai Rd sebesar 0,7531 ft²·°F·hr/Btu dan setelah dioptimasi pada ΔT rata-rata 95,6oC didapatkan nilai Rd sebesar 0,1005 ft²·°F·hr/Btu. Hasil ini dapat mengurangi periode pembersihan yang semula 42 kali menjadi 7 kali dalam satu
tahun. Oleh karena itu, berkurangnya intensitas pembersihan ini dapat mengurangi biaya maintenance sebesar 85% dalam setahun.
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One of the heat exchangers on the phosphoric acid unit has a scale problem on the tube. This scale is caused by a reaction between phosphate rock and sulfuric acid which produces calcium sulfate (CaSO4) at a 40% phosphoric acid solution content. In actual conditions, this scale causes the factory to carry out the cleaning process once every 7-14 days. This reduces the performance of the heat exchanger in the heat transfer process. An indicator to determine
the scale value on the tube is obtained through the calculation of the fouling factor (Rd). The magnitude of the fouling factor is not only caused by the presence of a scale-forming reaction, but also the operating conditions that are not in accordance with the design. Therefore, it is
necessary to adjust the operating conditions to reduce the Rd value by increasing the ΔT value on the shell side with the calculation limit being only on the heat exchanger device. The value of ΔT will show the maximum heat transfer. After calculating using the kern method, the average Rd results were obtained for 7 days before and after optimization. At an average ΔT value of 105,6 oC an Rd value of 0,7531 ft²·°F·hr/Btu was obtained and after optimization at an average ΔT of 95,6 oC an Rd value of 0,1005 ft²°F·hr/Btu was obtained. This result can reduce the cleaning period from 42 times to 7 times a year. Therefore, this reduced cleaning intensity can reduce maintenance costs by 85% in a year.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Faktor Pengotor, Heat exchanger, Pembersihan, Fouling Factor, Heat exchanger, Cleaning
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263 Heat exchangers T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS176 Manufacturing engineering. Process engineering (Including manufacturing planning, production planning)
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering
Depositing User:	Fatima Az Zahra
Date Deposited:	29 Jul 2023 00:56
Last Modified:	29 Jul 2023 02:52
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/99624

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