Evaluasi Kinerja Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) Pakusari Kabupaten Jember

Dwiyanto, Rafli Surya (2023) Evaluasi Kinerja Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) Pakusari Kabupaten Jember. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) merupakan komponen yang penting dalam SPAM. IPA Pakusari merupakan salah satu IPA yang melayani kebutuhan air bersih untuk masyarakat Kabupaten Jember. Pada proses produksinya, IPA ini menggunakan sumber air baku yang berasal dari Sungai Mayang, yang terkenal karakteristiknya memiliki kandungan sedimen pasir yang cukup tinggi. Selain itu, berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu, saat ini kualitas air sungai tersebut masuk dalam kategori mutu air kelas III yang artinya peruntukannya tidak memenuhi syarat sebagai air baku berdasarkan PP No. 22 Tahun 2021. Saat musim hujan, kekeruhan dan sedimen yang meningkat drastis pada air baku dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penyumbatan pada unit pompa pada IPA akibat adanya akumulasi. Selain itu, hal tersebut juga dapat menyebabkan air produksi hasil pengolahan beberapa kali tidak memenuhi syarat baku mutu. Akibatnya, penyediaan air minum bagi masyarakat terkadang dapat menjadi kurang maksimal. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan kajian evaluasi mengenai kinerja keseluruhan IPA Pakusari terutama dalam menyisihkan atau menurunkan kandungan partikel tersuspensi ataupun sedimen penyebab kekeruhan tinggi pada air baku. Tujuannya agar dapat ditentukan rekomendasi yang diperlukan agar kinerja IPA Pakusari menjadi lebih optimal dan baik kedepannya. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengumpulan data berupa nilai kekeruhan, TSS, serta Settleable Solid pada air baku maupun efluen unit pengolahan. Data tersebut didapatkan melalui pengukuran di lapangan maupun analisis sampel pada laboratorium. Selain itu, dilakukan pula pengumpulan data dimensi bangunan pengolahan yang mendukung perhitungan evaluasi desain, baik melalui observasi langsung di lapangan maupun berdasarkan data sekunder berupa gambar teknik IPA dari pihak PDAM. Dari analisis kualitas air, ditemukan bahwa kekeruhan air produksi beberapa kali tidak memenuhi serta mendekati nilai baku mutu, yakni 3 NTU. Dari analisis efisiensi removal, ditemukan bahwa proses prasedimentasi dan koagulasi-flokulasi-sedimentasi masih kurang efisien dalam menyisihkan kekeruhan dan TSS, sehingga evaluasi desain dilakukan pada unitunit proses tersebut. Berdasarkan perhitungan evaluasi, ditemukan bahwa parameter beban permukaan dan bilangan reynold unit prasedimentasi, parameter gradien kecepatan pada unit koagulasi dan flokulasi, serta parameter waktu detensi dan beban permukaan unit sedimentasi, masih belum memenuhi nilai yang dianjurkan pada kriteria desain SNI maupun literatur. Berdasarkan analisis hasil evaluasi tersebut, maka didapatkan penyebab potensial dari permasalahan yang ada adalah karena kurang sesuainya debit pengolahan eksisting dengan kapasitas desain IPA, mengingat pernah dilakukannya uprating pada IPA tersebut. Oleh karena itu, rekomendasi yang dapat diberikan yaitu menurunkan debit pengolahan IPA menjadi 18 L/detik pada saat kekeruhan air baku tinggi (> 200 NTU) serta melakukan penentuan dosis koagulan maupun pengurasan endapan lumpur bak prasedimentasi yang lebih sering.
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Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is an important component in Drinking Water Supply System. Pakusari’s WTP is one of the WTPs that serves the needs of drinking water for the people of Jember Regency. The WTP uses raw water from the Mayang River, which is it has a fairly high sand sediment content. And based on previous research, the quality of the Mayang River’s water is currently included in the category of class III, which means its shouldn’t be used as WTP's raw water, based on PP No. 22 Tahun 2021. During the rainy season, the high turbidity or sediment in raw water several times can cause blockages in the pump units due to accumulation. In addition, that can also several times cause the treated water not meet the quality standard requirements. As a result, sometimes the provision of drinking water for the community can be less than optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an evaluation study regarding the overall performance of Pakusari WTP, especially in overcoming and reducing the content of suspended particles and high turbidity in the raw water. The goal is to determine the recommendations needed so that the performance of Pakusari IPA becomes more optimal and better in the future. In this study, data were collected in the form of turbidity, TSS, and Settleable Solid values in raw water and processing unit effluent. The data was obtained through field measurements and sample analysis in the laboratory. In addition, data collection on the dimensions of the WTP building was also carried out to support the calculation of the design evaluation, either through direct measurements in the field or based on secondary data (engineering design draw) from the PDAM. From the analysis of water quality, it was found that the turbidity of treated water several times didn’t meet or close to the quality requirments standard, which is 3 NTU. From the analysis of removal efficiency, it was found that the pre-sedimentation and coagulationflocculation-sedimentation processes were still inefficient in removing turbidity and TSS. So, that a design evaluation was carried out on these process units. And from the evaluation calculations of the design, it was found that the parameters of surface load and Reynolds number of presedimentation units, velocity gradient parameters in coagulation and flocculation units, and detention time and surface load of sedimentation units didn’t meet the recommended values by design criteria based on SNI and literature. Based on those results, it was found that the potential causes of the existing problems were the incompatibility of the existing production capacity with the design capacity of the WTP, considering that the WTP had previously been uprated. The recommendation that can be given based on that case is to reduce the discharge production to 18 lps, especially when the raw water turbidity is high. Otherwise, it is better to drain the sludge more frequently in the pre-sedimentation basin so the settling process can be more better.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	IPA, efisiensi penyisihan, kekeruhan, kriteria desain, sedimentasi
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.S47 Sewage disposal plants--Environmental aspects
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rafli Surya Dwiyanto
Date Deposited:	29 Jul 2023 16:53
Last Modified:	29 Jul 2023 16:53
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/99888

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