Pratiwi, Anisa Erdian (2024) Penyisihan Mikroplastik pada Air Baku dan Effluent Tambak Ikan dengan Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Mikroplastik (MP) adalah plastik yang memiliki ukuran <5 mm. Tambak merupakan salah satu pemasok sumber pangan ikan. Kelimpahan MP pada ikan dan air hilir Sungai Brantas telah ditemukan di Sungai Wonorejo pada kolom air dan permukaan sebesar 940 partikel/m3 dan 630 partikel/m3. Pada pengelolaan tambak seringkali menggunakan air baku dari sungai. Air sungai yang telah tercemar MP dapat mempengaruhi ikan. Penyisihan MP dengan horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF-CW) telah diterapkan untuk limbah domestik. Pengolahan dengan menggunakan HSSF-CW mudah diterapkan, selain karena teknologinya sederhana juga biaya operasionalnya murah. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh jenis tumbuhan dan laju alir pada penyisihan MP menggunakan teknologi HSSF-CW.
Penelitian ini reaktor HSSF-CW menggunakan sampel air baku dan effluent tambak untuk diidentifikasi dan karakterisasi awal. Setelah itu sampel air yang digunakan adalah air sintetis tambak yang menyerupai kondisi sampel air baku dan effluent tambak. Tumbuhan yang digunakan yaitu Typha angustifolia dan Eichorrnia crassipes. Tumbuhan mangrove digunakan sebagai tumbuhan pengganti karena dapat bertahan pada salinitas tinggi. Penggunaan mangrove yaitu dengan spesies B. gymnorrhiza dan A. alba digunakan pada penelitian utama. Reaktor HSSF-CW terdapat 3 konfigurasi yaitu tanpa tanaman (kontrol), dengan B. gymnorrhiza dan A. alba. Kerapatan tumbuhan yaitu 15 tumbuhan/m2. Media pada reaktor yaitu kerikil dan pasir dengan debit 4 dan 8 mL/menit. Reaktor HSSF-CW dioperasikan selama 2 minggu dengan proses awal Range Finding test (RFT) selama 7 hari. Kemudian aklimatisasi untuk membuat beradaptasi pada lingkungan baru selama 1 minggu. Analisis yang dilakukan yaitu MP, COD, TSS, DO, ortofosfat, nitrat, amonium, pH, dan salinitas. Analisis fourier transform infrared (FTIR) dan microscope stereo dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis dan karakteristik polimer MP.
Kelimpahan MP pada air baku dan effluent tambak didapatkan sebesar 14,5 ± 3,27 partikel/L dan 16 ± 4,08 partikel/L. Penerapan teknologi HSSF-CW ini dapat digunakan untuk mengolah air baku dan effluent tambak. Tumbuhan Typha angustifolia dan Eichorrnia crassipes mengalami kematian pada tahap aklimatisasi dikarenakan konsentrasi salinitas tinggi dan penggunaan lampu yang tidak sesuai. Oleh karena itu digunakan tumbuhan mangrove dengan spesies B. gymnorrhiza dan A. alba. Efisiensi penyisihan MP terbesar didapatkan dengan kombinasi jenis tumbuhan B. gymnorrhiza dan laju alir 4 mL/menit yaitu sebesar 92,86 %. Tumbuhan B. gymnorrhiza dapat menyisihkan MP dengan mekanisme menjerat karena sistem perakaran yang lebat dan padat. Laju alir 4 mL/menit didapatkan efisiensi penyisihan MP besar karena dapat mengurangi laju alir air pada CW sehingga waktu kontak dengan media filter lebih lama. Media kerikil dan pasir cocok digunakan untuk menurunkan kelimpahan MP. Penyisihan MP pada HSSF-CW dengan sampel air baku tertinggi oleh media (82,04%) dan akar tumbuhan (2,95%). Sedangkan penyisihan MP pada sampel effluent tambak rata-rata yaitu pada media (83,88%) dan akar tumbuhan (5,17%). Teknologi HSSF-CW ini berpengaruh dalam memperbaiki kualitas air. Efisiensi penyisihan COD, TSS, PO43-, NH4+, dan NO3- didapatkan berturut-turut pada reaktor B1Bg (85,46%), B1Bg (91,21%), B2Bg (92,29%), B2Aa (86,81%), dan B2Bg (96,84%).
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Microplastics (MPs) are plastics that have a size <5 mm. ponds are one of the suppliers of fish food sources. MPs content in fish and water downstream of the Brantas River has been found in the Wonorejo River in the water column and surface of 940 particles/m3 and 630 particles/ m3. Fish pond management often uses raw water from rivers. River that has been polluted with MPs can affect fish. MPs removal by horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF-CW) has been applied for domestic waste. Treatment using HSSF-CW is easy to implement,not only because the technology is simple but also the operational cost is cheap. This study aims to examine the effect of plant species and flow rate on MP removal using HSSF-CW technology.
This study of HSSF-CW reactor used raw water samples and pond effluent for identification and initial characterization. After that, the water samples used are synthetic pond water that resembles the conditions of raw water samples and pond effluent. The plants used were Typha angustifolia and Eichorrnia crassipes. The use of other plants, namely mangroves with the types of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Avicennia alba. The HSSF-CW reactor have 3 configurations, without plants (control), with B. gymnorrhiza, and A. alba. Plant density was 15 plants/m2. The media in the reactor was gravel and sand with a discharge of 4 and 8 mL/min. The HSSF-CW reactor was operated for 2 weeks with an initial Range Finding test (RFT) process for 7 days. Then acclimatization to adapted the new environment for 1 week. The analyses conducted were MPs, COD, TSS, DO, orthophosphate, nitrate, ammonia, pH, and salinity. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and stereo microscope conducted to identify the type and characteristics of MP polymer.
The abundance of MP in raw water and pond effluent was 14.5 ± 3.27 particles/L and 16 ± 4.08 particles/L. The application of HSSF-CW technology could be used to treat raw water and pond effluent. T. angustifolia and E. crassipes plants experienced death at the acclimatization stage due to high salinity concentrations and inappropriate lamps. Therefore, mangrove plants with B. gymnorrhiza and A. alba species were used. The greatest MP removal efficiency was obtained with a combination of plant species B. gymnorrhiza and a flow rate of 4 mL/min which amounted to 92.86%. B. gymnorrhiza plants can remove MP by an entrapped mechanism because of its dense and tight root system. The flow rate of 4 mL/minute obtained a large MP removal efficiency because it can reduce the water flow rate in CW so that the contact time with the filter media is longer. Gravel and sand media were able to reduce MP abundance. MP removal in HSSF-CW had been the highest raw water samples by media (82.04%) and plant roots (2.95%). While the removal of MP in pond effluent samples on average is in the media (83.88%) and plant roots (5.17%). HSSF-CW technology was influential in improving water quality. Respectively, the removal efficiency of COD, TSS, PO43-, NH4+, and NO3- was obtained in reactor B1Bg (85.46%), B1Bg (91.21%), B2Bg (92.29%), B2Aa (86.81%), and B2Bg (96.84%).
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | mikroplastik, constructed wetland, tambak ikan, efisiensi penyisihan MP====================================================================================================================== microplastics, constructed wetland, fish pond, MP removal efficiency |
Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD192.75 Phytoremediation. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD427.P62 Microplastics--Environmental aspects. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants |
Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis |
Depositing User: | Anisa Erdian Pratiwi |
Date Deposited: | 05 Aug 2024 01:24 |
Last Modified: | 09 Sep 2024 07:52 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/111911 |
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