Putri, Fadhila Ayu Fasha Erhan (2025) Kajian Dampak Lingkungan Emisi Udara pada Proses Gas Turbine Generator (GTG) dan Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) PT Kaltim Daya Mandiri Menggunakan Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
PT Kaltim Daya Mandiri berperan penting dalam menyediakan energi untuk mendukung kebutuhan daya di fasilitas produksi dan perumahan PT Pupuk Kalimatan Timur, serta perusahaan lain di wilayah PT Kaltim Industrial Estate (KIE). Dalam penunjang kebutuhan listrik, PT Kaltim Daya Mandiri menggunakan Gas Turbine Generator (GTG) serta pembangkit listrik bertenaga uap berupa Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) yang berbahan bakar gas alam. Proses pembakaran di unit Gas Turbin Generator (GTG) dan Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) menghasilkan emisi udara, antara lain CO2, N2O, CH4, SOx, NOx, dan partikulat yang berkontribusi pada pemanasan global.
Peningkatan kebutuhan energi listrik sejalan dengan bertambahnya dampak lingkungan yang ditimbulkan. Diperlukan evaluasi dampak lingkungan untuk menentukan prioritas penanganan serta menyusun alternatif perbaikan guna mengurangi dampak tersebut. Salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dampak lingkungan dalam proses produksi listrik adalah Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Batasan lingkup analisis LCA ini adalah gate to gate. Dalam analisis LCA, digunakan software Microsoft Excel dengan metode ReCiPe 2016 (H) menggunakan pendekatan midpoint, yang mencakup beberapa kategori dampak terhadap emisi udara, seperti Global Warming Potential, Stratospheric Ozone, Ozone Formation – Human Health, Fine Particulate Matter Formation, Ozone Formation – Terrestrial Ecosystem, dan Terrestrial Acidification. Hasil analisis LCA ini dimanfaatkan untuk memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan yang dapat mengurangi dampak lingkungan dalam proses produksi listrik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis LCA, dampak lingkungan terbesar dari proses produksi 1 kWh listrik berasal dari kategori Global Warming Potential dengan nilai 0,929 kg CO2-eq, diikuti oleh kategori Ozone Formation – Terrestrial Ecosystem sebesar 0,000094 kg NOx-eq, serta kategori Ozone Formation – Human Health sebesar 0,000094 kg NOx-eq. Total dampak yang dihasilkan pada tahun 2023, yaitu Global Warming Potential sebesar 173.845.519 kg CO2-eq/tahun, Stratospheric Ozone sebesar 3 kg CFC11-eq/tahun, Ozone Formation – Human Health sebesar 20.371 kg NOx-eq/tahun, Fine Particulate Matter Formation sebesar 4.203 kg PM2,5-eq/tahun, Ozone Formation – Terrestrial Ecosystem sebesar 20.371 kg NOx-eq/tahun, dan Terrestrial Acidification sebesar 8.918 kg SO2-eq/tahun. Unit Gas Turbine Generator (GTG) memberikan kontribusi paling signifikan terhadap dampak lingkungan dalam produksi listrik. Beberapa alternatif perbaikan yang direkomendasikan untuk mengurangi potensi dampak lingkungan, yaitu teknologi wetted media evaporative cooling, absorpsi chiller, no spin operation gas turbin with auxilliary oil pump, amine scrubbing, dan optimalisasi cycle steam. Dari hasil analisis, teknologi amine scrubbing diperkirakan menjadi alternatif paling efektif, dengan potensi penurunan dampak global warming mencapai 82,5%.
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PT Kaltim Daya Mandiri plays a key role in providing energy to support the power needs of PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur’s production facilities, residential areas, and other companies in the PT Kaltim Industrial Estate (KIE). In supporting electricity needs, PT Kaltim Daya Mandiri operates a Gas Turbine Generator (GTG) and a steam power plant featuring a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) fueled by natural gas. The combustion processes in these units release air emissions, including CO2, N2O, CH4, SOx, NOx, and particulate matter, which contribute to global warming. As electricity demand increases, environmental impacts become increasingly significant. It is necessary to conduct environmental impact assessments to prioritize mitigation measures and propose alternative improvements to reduce these impacts. One widely used method for evaluating the environmental impacts of electricity production is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), with a gate to gate scope. This analysis uses Microsoft Excel and the ReCiPe 2016 (H) method using a midpoint approach, focusing on air emission impact categories such as Global Warming Potential, Stratospheric Ozone, Ozone Formation – Human Health, Fine Particulate Matter Formation, Ozone Formation – Terrestrial Ecosystem, and Terrestrial Acidification. The results of this LCA analysis are used to recommend alternative improvements to minimize environmental impacts in the electricity production process. The LCA results indicate that the largest environmental impact of the production process of 1 kWh of electricity comes from the Global Warming Potential category, with a value of 0,929 kg CO2-eq. This is followed by the Ozone Formation – Terrestrial Ecosystems category at 0,000094 kg NOx-eq, and Ozone Formation – Human Health category at 0,000094 kg NOx-eq. The total environmental impact in 2023 comprises the Global Warming Potential at 173.845.519 kg CO2-eq/year, Stratospheric Ozone at 3 kg CFC11-eq/year, Ozone Formation – Human Health at 20.371 kg NOx-eq/year, Fine Particulate Matter Formation at 4.203 kg PM2,5-eq/year, Ozone Formation – Terrestrial Ecosystem at 20.371 kg NOx-eq/year, and Terrestrial Acidification at 8.918 kg SO2-eq/year. The Gas Turbine Generator (GTG) unit was identified as the primary contributor to these impacts during electricity production. Several alternative improvements are recommended to address these impacts, including the implementation of wetted media evaporative cooling technology, absorption chillers, no-spin operation for gas turbines with auxiliary oil pumps, amine scrubbing, and steam cycle optimization. Amine scrubbing is projected to be the most effective alternative, potentially reducing global warming impacts by 82,5%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Air emissions, Emisi udara, Gas Turbine Generator (GTG), Global warming, Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Pemanasan global, ReCiPe 2016 (H) |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883.5 Air--Pollution |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Fadhila Ayu Fasha Erhan Putri |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jan 2025 03:28 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Jan 2025 03:28 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/116653 |
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