Perancangan Ulang Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Pusat Perbelanjaan “X” Surabaya

Lukito, Edi (2017) Perancangan Ulang Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Pusat Perbelanjaan “X” Surabaya. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Pusat perbelanjaan “X” di Surabaya digunakan untuk mengolah limbah cair dari toilet, cooling water, dan food court. IPAL tersebut memiliki beberapa permasalahan. Beban IPAL eksisting telah melebihi desain awal akibat adanya tambahan influent dari perkantoran dan meningkatnya jumlah food court. IPAL tidak mampu mengolah semua limbah sehingga harus ditampung terlebih dahulu di Outdoor Ground Tank. Keberadaan limbah ini menimbulkan bau tidak sedap dan berpotensi mencemari sumber air masyarakat. Unit Rotating Bological Contactor (RBC) sebagai unit pengolahan utama IPAL tidak dioperasikan dan dibiarkan di IPAL. Adanya RBC tersebut menyebabkan kapasitas pengolahan berkurang sehingga efisiensi pengolahan tidak maksimal.
Evaluasi terhadap kinerja pengolahan IPAL diperlukan untuk memperbaiki beberapa permasalahan yang timbul. Evaluasi ini memperhatikan kualitas pengolahan IPAL, desain dan kondisi fisik bangunan IPAL dan komponen pendukung, maupun standar dan biaya operasi dan pemeliharaan IPAL. Perancangan ulang IPAL merupakan bentuk tindak lanjut terhadap unit yang tidak berfungsi dengan baik. Perancangan ulang dengan menggunakan unit Anaerobic Biofilter (ABF) dan membandingkan dengan unit eksisting (bak aerasi) yang telah disempurnakan.
Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, diketahui kinerja pengolahan di unit pengolahan biologis (bak aerasi) tidak berjalan dengan baik. Kualitas effluent IPAL belum memenuhi baku mutu. Kondisi fisik unit IPAL dan komponen lainnya dalam keadaan baik, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan atau Operation and Maintenance (OM) IPAL belum dijalankan secara tepat. Selain itu biaya OM dinilai terlalu mahal. Terdapat unit IPAL eksisting yang telah memenuhi kriteria desain sehingga tidak perlu dirancang ulang, yakni unit sand filter.
Berdasarkan perhitungan perancangan ulang didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut. Alternatif 1 memiliki kelebihan yakni: efisiensi pengolahan tinggi, kualitas effluent air limbah kecil, biaya operasi dan pemeliharaan rendah, dan potensi biogas yang besar, serta produksi lumpur sangat kecil. Alternatif 1 memiliki kekurangan yakni: volume bangunan dan kebutuhan lahan lebih besar serta biaya pembangunan IPAL lebih tinggi. Alternatif 2 memiliki kelebihan yakni: volume bangunan dan kebutuhan lahan lebih kecil serta biaya pembangunan IPAL lebih rendah. Alternatif 2 memiliki kekurangan yakni: efisiensi pengolahan rendah, kualitas effluent air limbah besar, biaya operasi dan pemeliharaan besar, dan tidak ada potensi biogas, serta produksi lumpur besar.
Biaya pembangunan untuk perancangan ulang IPAL alternatif 1 adalah Rp 794.934.492 sedangkan biaya alternatif 2 adalah Rp 743.310.517. Biaya pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan IPAL alternatif 1 per bulan adalah Rp. 18.341.310,00 sedangkan biaya alternatif 2 adalah Rp. 21.479.230,00 per bulan.

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Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) of a shopping center “X” in Surabaya used to treat wastewater from toilet, cooling water, and food court. It has a few problems. First problem is, the existing loading has exceeded the initial design due to influent addition from office and the growing number of food court. WWTP is not able to process all of the waste and resulted the waste to be stored in outdoor ground tank. The waste cause odor and potentially contaminate the public water source. Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) as the main processing unit is not operated and abandoned in WWTP. This unit has caused capacity of WWTP to be reduced and result in the processing efficiency to be not optimal.
Evaluation of wastewater treatment plant performance is needed to overcome several problems that occur. Evaluation focuses on processing quality, design and physical condition of the WWTP and supporting components, and standard and cost of operation and maintenance. Redesign made as the further action of the unfunctioning units in this place. Redesign will be using Anaerobic Biofilter (ABF) and compared with the existing unit (aeration basin) which has been enhanced.
According to the evaluation results, the biological unit processes (aeration tank) are working inappropriately. Physical condition of wastewater treatment units and other components is good enough, but Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of Operation and Maintenance (OM) is working inappropriately. Furthermore, the OM is highly in cost. The existing unit of wastewater treatment plant is met the design criteria is sand filter.
The following results based on the calculation of redesigning process are alternative 1 has some strengthness such as: high treatment efficiency, low effluent level, operation and maintenance cost’s low, high potential biogas and low sludge production. Alternative 1 has some weakness such as: building volume and land requirement are big and high capital cost. Alternative 2 has some strengthness such as: building volume and land requirement are small and low capital cost. Alternative 2 has some weakness such as: low treatment efficiency, high effluent level, operation and maintenance cost’s high, no potential biogas and high sludge production.
Capital cost for redisigning WWTP for alternative 1 is Rp, 794,934,492 while capital cost of alternative 2 is Rp, 743,310,517. Operation and maintenance cost for alternative 1 is Rp, 18,341,310.00 per month while operation and maintenance cost for alternative 2 is Rp 21,479,230.00

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Anaerobic bioflter (ABF); bak aerasi; evaluasi; IPAL; perancangan ulang; aeration tank; evaluation; waste water treatment plant (WWTP); redesign.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD646 Sewage--Purification
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	EDI LUKITO -
Date Deposited:	16 Mar 2017 06:33
Last Modified:	19 Dec 2017 06:46
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/2178

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