Risty, Amelia Eka and Syaifullah, Ryan Dimas (2017) Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Bioplastik dari Pati Umbi Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus). Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
Preview |
Text
2314030084-2314030105-Non_Degree.pdf - Published Version Download (17MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Bioplastik adalah sebuah material biodegradable yang diproduksi dari proses polimerisasi polisakarida dari umbi-umbian seperti bengkuang, talas, singkong, dll. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan plasticizer sorbitol dan gliserol terhadap sifat fisik, kimia, dan mekanis bioplastik yang dibuat dari pati bengkuang.
Tiga tahap prosedur dalam inovasi ini, yaitu tahap ekstraksi pati, tahap pembuatan bioplastik dan tahap analisa karateristik bioplastik. Pada tahap ekstraksi, umbi bengkuang dicuci, dikupas kulitnya, diparut dagingnya, dan diperas parutannya dengan penambahan air. Hasil perasan diendapkan lalu dikeringkan hingga diperoleh pati. Pada tahap pembuatan bioplastik, pati dicampur dengan asam asetat 5%, plasticizer, dan air lalu diaduk dan dipanaskan pada suhu ± 70°C hingga terjadi gelatinasi kemudian dicetak di plat kaca dan dikeringkan pada suhu 60°C selama 24 jam untuk mendapatkan produk. Variabel yang digunakan pada inovasi ini adalah jenis plasticizer (gliserol dan sorbitol) dan konsentrasinya (15%, 20%, 25%). Pada tahap analisa karakteristik bioplastik, kualitas produk inovasi dianalisa untuk menentukan sifat fisik (uji penggembungan dan uji ketahanan kimia bioplastik ), kimia (uji FTIR), mekanis (kuat tarik dan persentase pemanjangan) dan biodegradablenya.
Hasil terbaik pada analisa sifat mekanik memiliki nilai kuat tarik sebesar 2,905 MPa dari produk pada variabel gliserol 25%, nilai elongasi sebesar 52% dari produk pada variabel sorbitol 25%, nilai % swelling sebesar 12,5% dari produk pada variabel gliserol 20% dan sorbitol 25%. Bioplastik yang mengalami degradasi massa paling besar sebesar 51% dibuat dari produk pada variabel sorbitol 15%. Analisa laju transmisi uap air sebesar 1,82 gr/m2.jam dari produk pada variabel sorbitol 25%. Pengujian FTIR produk menunjukkan adanya gugus ester dan karboksil yang menandakan bahwa plastik yang dihasilkan bersifat biodegradable.
======================================================================
Bioplastic is a biodegradable material produced from the polymerization process of polysaccharide from tubers such as jicama root, taro, cassava, etc. This experiment aims to find the effect of addition sorbitol and glycerol plasticizers to the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of bioplastics made of the jicama root starch.
The three stages of the procedure in this innovation are the starch extraction stage, the bioplastic manufacturing stage and the bioplastic characteristic analysis stage. At the starch extraction stage, the jicama root is washed, peeled the roots and rasping them and straining the pulp with the addition of water. The pulp is filtered by settling the solid and then is dried to be the starch. At the bioplastic manufacturing stage, the starch is mixed with acetic acid 5%, plasticizer, and water while stirring it and heating it at ± 70°C for gelatinazing and then printing it on the glass plate mold and dry at 60°C for 24 hours to get the bioplastic. The variables used in this innovation are plasticizer type (glycerol and sorbitol) and its concentration (15%, 20%, 25%). At the bioplastic characteristic analysis stage, the quality of innovation products are analyzed to determine the physical (water absorption capability, chemical resistance test), chemical (FTIR test), mechanical (tensile strength, percentage elongation), and biodegradable properties.
The best result on testing of mechanical properties are a tensile strength value of 2,905 MPa from the products made by the glycerol plasticizers 25%, and value of elongation equal to 52% from the products made by sorbitol plasticizers 25%. The swelling test has a value of 12.5% of the products made by glycerol 20% and sorbitol 25% of variables. The product which has the greatest mass degradation 51% is made by sorbitol plasticizers 15%. The steam transmission rate test of 1.82 gr / m2.hour is found from the products made of sorbitol 25%. The FTIR test shows the presence of ester and carboxyl groups indicating the biodegradable compound.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Diploma) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | polimer, umbi bengkuang, karakteristik bioplastik,polymers, jicama root, bioplastic characteristics. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > Polymerization |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology |
| Depositing User: | Amelia Eka Risty |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Dec 2017 01:40 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Mar 2019 03:43 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/47113 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |