Zahro, Maslakhatuz (2018) Analisis Pengaruh Posisi Center of Gravity terhadap Stabilitas Arah Bus Double Deck. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Peningkatan jumlah penduduk di Indonesia akan berdampak pada kebutuhan alat transportasi di Indonesia, terutama alat transportasi umum yaitu bus. Saat ini keselamatan dan keamanan sarana transportasi umum sudah menjadi perhatian masyarakat pengguna bus. Salah satu kejadian yang berhubungan dengan keselamatan dan keamanan penumpang adalah kecelakaan. Tingginya angka kecelakaan ini sebagian besar diakibatkan kelalaian pengemudi dan kurangnya stabilitas kendaraan saat di jalanan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan analisa stabilitas arah kendaraan terutama bus double deck. Kondisi paling kritis pada kendaraan adalah saat kendaraan berbelok, karena terdapat tiga perilaku arah belok kendaraan yaitu understeer, oversteer, dan netral. Ketiga perilaku kendaraan tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa analisa. Pada penelitian ini, analisa yang akan dilakukan yaitu analisa slip, analisa skid, dan analisa guling. Ada beberapa variasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu variasi kecepatan, variasi sudut belok, variasi kemiringan melintang jalan, dan variasi koefisien gesek. Analisa slip dilakukan dengan mencari sudut slip masing-masing ban. Analisa skid dilakukan dengan membandingkan gaya sentrifugal dan gaya gesek ban. Sedangkan analisa guling dengan mencari nilai Fz pada masing-masing ban. Hasil penelitian pada tugas akhir ini adalah bus double deck mengalami kondisi belok yang paling baik ketika kendaraan pada kondisi 4 (ekstrim depan) karena memiliki nilai koefisien understeer yang kecil dan lebih sedikit mengalami kondisi oversteer. Pada kondisi ini kendaraan melaju pada kecepatan 50 km/jam dengan sudut belok 35°, semakin besar sudut kemiringan melintang jalan maka semakin kecil sudut slip yaitu θ = 0° sebesar 23,57° dan 41,23° sedangkan saat θ = 5,7° yaitu 18,69° dan 35,51°. Kendaraan mengalami skid lebih cepat pada jalan aspal basah daripada jalan aspal kering, batas kecepatan maksimum tidak mengalami skid pada jalan datar aspal kering sebesar 112,75 km/jam dan 113,49 km/jam serta pada jalan basah sebesar 84,04 km/jam dan 84,59 km/jam. Batas kecepatan maksimum kendaraan tidak terguling dengan sudut belok 35° pada kecepatan 3,91 km/jam dan 112,46 km/jam di jalan datar serta pada jalan miring θ = 5,7°, batas kecepatan maksimum tidak mengalami guling sebesar 21,91 km/jam dan 116,92 km/jam. Jadi, jika kendaraan melebihi dari kecepatan tersebut, maka kendaraan semakin sulit dikendalikan. ========================================================================================================== The population increase in Indonesia will affect the needs of transportation, especially bus as public transportation. Nowadays, public transport safety has been put attention by bus rider. One of the concerned issue regarding safety is road accident. Driver’s negligence and low stability of the vehicle on the road are the responsible aspects to the high number of road accident. Therefore, analysis of vehicle direction stability, especially double deck bus, is needed. The most critical condition is when the vehicle make a turn, because there are three behaviours of turning direction which are understeer, oversteer, and neutral. These three behaviours can be done with a few analysis. In this research, the analysis are slip, skid, and roll analysis. There are variations use in this research, which are velocity, turning angle, road horizontal slope, and friction coefficient variations. Slip analysis is done by finding each slip angle of the tires. Skid analysis is done by comparing centrifugal and friction force of the tires. Roll analysis is done by finding Fz value of each tires. The result of this research is the double deck bus has the best turning condition when the vehicle in condition 4 (front extreme) because having small understeer coefficient and less oversteer condition. In this condition, the vehicle running in velocity of 50 km/hour with turning angle 35, the bigger angle of horizontal slope the smaller slip angle which is θ = 0° the angle are 23,57° and 41,23° meanwhile on θ = 5,7° the angle are 18,69° and 35,51°. Vehicle has faster skid in wet asphalt rather than dry asphalt, velocity limit of not having skid in flat dry asphalt are 112,75 km/hour and 113,49 km/hour and in wet asphalt are 84,04 km/hour and 84,59 km/hour. Maximum velocity of the vehicle to not rolling in turning angle 35 are 3,91 km/hour and 112,46 km/hour in flat road and in angled road θ = 5,7° are 21,91 km/hour and 116,92 km/hour. In conclusion, if the vehicle on higher speed than that, the vehicle will be harder to steer.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
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| Additional Information: | RSM 629.247 Zah a-1 3100018076819 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | guling, oversteer, slip, skid, stabilitas, understeer |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ230 Machine design |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Maslakhatuz Zahro |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Nov 2020 05:27 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Dec 2020 03:41 |
| URI: | https://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/55200 |
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