Supriadi, Eko (2016) Pembuatan Biofuel Dari Minyak Kelapa Dengan Bantuan Gelombang Ultrasonic. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Bahan bakar minyak bumi merupakan salah satu sumber energi utama yang banyak digunakan berbagai negara di dunia pada saat ini. Kebutuhan bahan bakar ini selalu meningkat, seiring dengan penggunaannya dibidang industri maupun transportasi. Ketersediaan bahan bakar minyak bumi terbatas dan sifatnya tidak terbarukan, sehingga diprediksikan akan ada kelangkaan bahan bakar minyak. Kelangkaan inilah yang menimbulkan adanya krisis energi di dunia,sehingga membutuhkan sumber energy alternatif diantaranya biofuel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat Biofuel dalam hal ini Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) dari minyak kelapa secara batch melalui proses transesterifikasi metanol, menggunakan bantuan Ultrasonic dengan katalis heterogen yaitu : K/γ-Al2O3 dan Ca/γ-Al2O3. Reaksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan variabel perbandingan mol minyak kelapa:metanol (1:9) mol, konsentrasi berat katalis untuk tiap-tiap katalis K/γ-Al2O3 dan Ca/γ-Al2O3 terhadap minyak kelapa (0,5% ;1,0% ; 1,5% ; 2% dan 2,5%), waktu reaksi (30, 60, 90, 120 dan 150 detik) dan variasi gelombang pada ultrasonic (20 dan 40 KHz). Proses pembuatan Biofuel dilakukan melalui tahap preparasi katalis K/γAl2O3 dan Ca/γ-Al2O3, tahap reaksi transesterifikasi, tahap pemisahan dan pemurnian dari impurities dan tahap analisa hasil. Analisa hasil biofuel antara lain adalah analisa densitas, viskositas, yield dan Flash Point. Proses transesterifikasi minyak kelapa menggunakan gelombang ultrasonic menghasilkan FAME yaitu pada konsentrasi katalis K/-Al2O3 2,5% dengan waktu reaksi 150 detik dan frekuensi gelombang ultrasonic 40 kHz menghasilkan yield FAME sebesar 93,19%. Untuk katalis Ca/ γ-Al2O3 diperoleh yield sebesar 29,76% pada frekuensi gelombang ultrasonik 40 kHz, konsentrasi katalis 2,5% dan waktu reaksi 150 detik. Dari hasil perhitungan kinetika reaksi diperoleh bahwa reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kelapa menggunakan gelombang ultrasonic merupakan reaksi dengan orde reaksi 1. Diperoleh nilai k untuk katalis K/-Al2O3 (0,053 – 0,058)-s dan untuk katalis Ca/-Al2O3 (0,0012 – 0,0023)-s . Dan energi aktivasi untuk katalis K/-Al2O3 6,287 kJ/mol dan katalis Ca/-Al2O3 5,251 kJ/mol ================================================================================================================== Petroleum fuels is one of the main energy source used by many countries in the world today. Fuel needs are always increasing, along with its use in industrial and transportation. The availability of petroleum fuels is limited and is not renewable, so that will take place for scarcity of fuel. That can cause the energy crisis in the world. We need alternative of energy sources including biofuels. This study aims to produce Biofuel in this case Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) of coconut oil in batches reactor through a transesterification process methanol using Ultrasonic assistance with the heterogeneous catalysts, namely: K/γ-Al2O3 and Ca/γ-Al2O3. The reaction is conducted by using a variable mole ratio of coconut oil: methanol (1: 9) mol, a heavy concentration of catalyst for each catalyst K/γ-Al2O3 and Ca/γ-Al2O3 against coconut oil (0.5%; 1.0% , 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%), reaction time (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 seconds) and the variation in the ultrasonic waves (20 and 40 KHz). The biofuel-production process is done through the stage of preparation of the catalyst K/γ-Al2O3 and Ca/γ-Al2O3, transesterification reaction step, phase separation and purification from impurities and results analysis phase. Analysis of the results of biofuel include the analysis of density, viscosity, yield and Flash Point. Coconut oil transesterification process using ultrasonic waves to produce FAME is the catalyst concentration K/-Al2O3 2.5% with a reaction time of 150 seconds and a frequency of 40 kHz ultrasonic waves produce FAME yield of 93.19%. For catalysts Ca/γ-Al2O3 obtained a yield of 29.76% at a frequency of 40 kHz ultrasonic waves, the catalyst concentration of 2.5% and a reaction time of 150 seconds. From the calculation shows that the reaction kinetics of the transesterification reaction of palm oil using ultrasonic waves is a reaction to the reaction order 1. Provided the value of k for catalyst K/-Al2O3 (0.053-0.058)-s and for catalysts Ca/-Al2O3 (0.0012-0.0023)-s . And the activation energy for the catalyst K/-Al2O3 6,287 kJ / mol and catalyst Ca/-Al2O3 5.251 kJ / mol
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | RTK 662.88 Sup p |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Transesterifikasi, Katalis, Minyak kelapa, Biofuel, FAME |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP339 Ethanol as fuel. Biomass energy. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | ansi aflacha |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Jul 2020 03:32 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Jul 2020 03:32 |
| URI: | https://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/76318 |
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