Syafaatullah, Achmad Qodim (2020) Ekstraksi Zat Warna dari Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) dan Tarum (Indigofera tinctoria L.) dengan Menggunakan Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) dan Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Permintaan zat warna semakin hari semakin meningkat. Sebagian besar proses pewarnaan menggunakan pewarna sintetis, apabila terakumulasi berlebihan akan berdampak buruk ke lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi resiko bahaya penggunaan pewarna sintetis adalah menggunakan zat warna alami. Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) dan daun tarum (Indigofera tinctoria L.) dapat dijadikan sumber warna alami. Bunga telang mengandung antosianin dan daun tarum mengandung indigo yang merupakan sumber warna biru alami. Metode eksraksi yang digunakan adalah Ultrasound-assisted Extraction dan Microwave-assisted Extraction. Metode UAE maupun MAE merupakan pengembangan metode ekstraksi yang saat ini banyak dikembangkan karena prosesnya yang efisien dan efektif serta bahan baku yang memiliki keuntungan baik dari segi kuantitas maupun kualitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari proses pembuatan zat warna alami dari daun tarum dan bunga telang dengan metode UAE dan MAE, menentukan model kinetika untuk ekstrasi daun tarum dan bunga telang dengan metode UAE dan MAE, mengetahui perbandingan hasil ekstrak daun tarum dan bunga telang menggunakan metode UAE dan MAE. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, didapatkan yield ekstrasi antosianin bunga telang dengan menggunakan ultrasound-assisted extraction adalah 7,125% pada suhu 60 C, rasio F/S 0,02 dan waktu 50 menit dan yield tertinggi pada metode microwave-assisted extraction sebesar 4,85% pada kondisi sama. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan metode UAE lebih efektif dan efisien dibandingkan MAE untuk mengekstrak zat warna indigo daun tarum. Selain itu, hasil analisa FT-IR menunjukkan ekstraksi menggunakan metode UAE menghasilkan gugus fungsi yang memiliki tingkat kemiripan senyawa indigo murni (64,07%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode MAE (39,11%).
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Demand of color substances is increasing. Most coloring processes use synthetic dyes, if accumulated excessively will adversely affect the environment. One alternative to reducing the risk of harm to the use of synthetic dyes is to use natural color substances. Butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea L.) and Tarum leaves (Indigofera tinctoria L.) can be used as naatural sources of color. Butterfly pea flowers contain anthocyanins and tarum leaves contain indigo which is a source of natural blue color. The extrusion methods used are Ultrasound-assisted Extraction and Microwave-assisted Extraction. The UAE and MAE methods are the development of extraction methods that are currently widely developed due to their efficient and effective processes and raw materails that have advantages both in terms of quantity and quality. The purpose of this study was to study the process of making natural color substances from tarum leaves and butterfly pea flowers with UAE and MAE methods, determine the kinetic model for the extraction of tarum leaves and butterfly pea flowers with UAE and MAE methods, knowing the comparison of tarum leaves and butterfly pea flowers extract results using UAE and MAE methods. Based on the results of this study, the yield of anthocyanin extraction of butterfly pea flowers using ultrasound-assisted Extraction was 7.125% at 60 C, F/S ratio 0.02, and time of 50 minutes and the highest yield on microwave-assisted extraction methods was 4.85% at the same conditions. So, it can be concluded that UAE method is more effective and efficient than MAE to extract the indigo color substance of tarum leaves. In addition, FT-IR analysis showed that extraction using UAE method resulted in a function cluster that had a similarity to pure indigo compounds (64.07%) higher than MAE method (39.11%).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Clitoria ternatea L., Indigofera tinctoria L., ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, antosianin, indigo. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Achmad Qodim Syafa'atullah |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2020 04:00 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Dec 2023 03:40 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/80666 |
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