Strategi Adaptasi Dan Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim Pada Sektor Pertanian Di Kabupaten Tabalong (Kalimantan Selatan)

Chaniago, Rian Yaitsar (2021) Strategi Adaptasi Dan Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim Pada Sektor Pertanian Di Kabupaten Tabalong (Kalimantan Selatan). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan curah hujan di Kabupaten Tabalong telah menyebabkan seluas 2.971,51 ha sawah terendam dan mengalami kerusakan. Pertanian dan perubahan iklim dicirikan oleh hubungan sebab-akibat yang kompleks. Sektor pertanian menghasilkan sejumlah besar emisi gas yang mempengaruhi iklim. Meningkatnya konsentrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfer, berdampak pada peningkatan suhu serta perubahan siklus presipitasi yang berdampak pada volume, kualitas dan stabilitas produksi teknis pertanian. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, strategi adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim pada sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Tabalong diperlukan. Strategi adaptasi bertujuan untuk meningkatkan stabilitas produksi pertanian sedangkan strategi mitigasi bertujuan untuk menurunkan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) yang dihasilkan oleh pertanian.
Strategi adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim ditinjau dengan menggunakan 3 aspek yakni (1) aspek lingkungan meliputi inventarisasi GRK menggunakan pedoman inventarisasi GRK dari Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Indonesia dan proyeksi emisi GRK sampai tahun 2030 dengan Business as Usual (BAU) dan saat strategi mitigasi diimplementasikan. Aspek teknis meliputi pemetaan sebaran emisi GRK dari sektor pertanian Kabupaten Tabalong menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Aspek kelembagaan meliputi penentuan profil sosio demografis responden dan penentuan prioritas strategi adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim pada sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Tabalong dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) dengan software Expert Choice.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan emisi GRK sampai dengan tahun 2030 untuk Kabupaten Tabalong adalah 191.384 ton CO2-eq/tahun dengan rincian emisi CH4 sebesar 87.990 ton CO2-eq/tahun, emisi CO2 sebesar 10.829 ton CO2-eq/tahun, dan emisi N2O sebesar 92.565 ton CO2-eq/tahun. Dari pemetaan sebaran GRK, diketahui Kecamatan Banua Lawas, Kecamatan Tanta, Kecamatan Jaro, Kecamatan Haruai, dan Kecamatan Muara Uya merupakan wilayah yang diprediksi menghasilkan emisi GRK terbesar dari sektor pertanian yakni masuk dalam rentang 21.222-25.507 ton CO2-eq/tahun. Strategi adaptasi perubahan iklim yang tepat untuk dilakukan pada sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Tabalong ada 3 yakni strategi menggunakan bibit unggul, pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman, dan percepatan budidaya dengan alat dan mesin pertanian. Sedangkan, strategi mitigasi perubahan iklim yang tepat dilakukan pada sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Tabalong ada 4 strategi yakni efesiensi penggunaan pupuk dan pengapuran tanah, pemanfaatan limbah pertanian, aplikasi pola tanam ganda, dan menggunakan varietas rendah emisi.
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The increased rainfall in Tabalong District has caused an area of 2.971,51 hectares of rice fields to be submerged and damaged. Agriculture and climate change are characterized by complex cause-and-effect relationships. The agricultural sector produces a large number of gas emissions that affect the climate. Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, has an impact on increasing temperatures as well as changes in the precipitation cycle which have an impact on the volume, quality and stability of agricultural technical production. To solve this problem, a climate change adaptation and mitigation strategy in the agricultural sector in Tabalong Regency is needed. The adaptation strategy aims to increase the stability of agricultural production while the mitigation strategy aims to reduce Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions produced by agriculture.
Data analysis was reviewed using 3 aspects: environmental, technical, and government. Environmental aspects related to GHG Inventory are calculated using Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry and GHG emission transitions until 2030 with Business as Usual (BAU) and when strategies were implemented. The technical aspects include mapping the distribution of GHG emissions from the agricultural sector in the Tabalong District using a Geographic Information System. Government aspects include determining of socio-demographic profile and determining priority of climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies from the agricultural sector in Tabalong District using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with expert choice software.
The results showed that the GHG emission up to 2030 for Tabalong District is 191,384 tCO2e / year with details of CH4 emissions of 87,990 tCO2e / year, CO2 emissions of 10,829 tCO2e / year, and N2O emissions of 92,565 tCO2e / year. From the mapping of the distribution of GHG, it is known that Banua Lawas District, Tanta District, Jaro District, Haruai District, and Muara Uya District are areas that are predicted to produce the largest GHG emissions from the agricultural sector, which is included in the range 21,222-25,507 tCO2e / year. There are 3 strategies for climate change adaptation that are appropriate for the agricultural sector in Tabalong District, namely the strategy of using superior seeds, controlling pests and plant diseases, and accelerating cultivation with agricultural tools and machines. Meanwhile, there are 4 strategies for climate change mitigation that are appropriate for the agricultural sector in Tabalong District, namely the efficiency strategy of using fertilizers and liming soil, utilizing agricultural waste, intercropping patterns, and using low emission varieties.

Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Adaptation Strategies, Agricultural, Mitigation Strategies, Tabalong District, Kabupaten Tabalong, Pertanian, Strategi Adaptasi, Strategi Mitigasi
Subjects: G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences
S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General)
S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) > S600.7.R35 Rain and rainfall
T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.62 Decision support systems
T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD171.75 Climate change mitigation
T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883.5 Air--Pollution
T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD890 Global Environmental Monitoring System
Divisions: Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User: Rian Yaitsar Chaniago
Date Deposited: 04 Mar 2021 03:12
Last Modified: 04 Mar 2021 03:12
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/83385

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