Sahila, Sahiba (2021) Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Surfaktan Anionik Metil Ester Sulfonat dari Minyak Sawit dengan Bantuan Microwave. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Surfaktan adalah senyawa organik yang dapat menurunkan nilai tegangan permukaan dan banyak digunakan sebagai detergen, pengemulsi, sabun, shampo, dispersan, cat, tinta, insektisida dan lain-lain. Surfaktan dapat dihasilkan dari bahan nabati yaitu minyak sawit melalui proes sulfonasi. Ketersediannya yang melimpah dan kandungan yang dimiliki sebagai bahan baku pembuatan surfaktan, menjadi pertimbangan untuk memanfaatkan minyak sawit sebagai bahan baku pembuat surfaktan. Penggunaan surfaktan berbahan dasar minyak nabati dibutuhkan karena surfaktan ini mudah terurai dan tidak merusak lingkungan serta menggunakan bahan yang dapat diperbaharui. Selain itu, digunakan bantuan microwave sebagai sumber panas pada proses sulfonasi metil ester sulfonate dikarenakan teknologi microwave merupakan proses pemanasan yang efisien dan efektif sehingga waktu sulfonasi yang dibutuhkan menjadi lebih cepat dikarenakan microwave dapat mengalirkan gelombang panas yang membantu reaksi agar cepat terjadi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari proses pembuatan serta karakteristik surfaktan anionik metil ester sulfonat dari minyak sawit dengan menggunakan microwave melalui proses transesterifikasi minyak sawit menjadi metil ester dan sulfonasi metil ester menjadi metil ester sulfonate dengan mempelajari pengaruh parameter waktu reaksi, berat katalis CaO, suhu sulfonasi, serta rasio mol antara metil ester dengan NaHSO3, serta menentukan model kinetika sulfonasi metil ester dengan menggunakan microwave. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kondisi optimum diperoleh pada waktu sulfonasi selama 40 menit, konsentrasi katalis 1,5%, suhu reaksi 100oC, dan rasio antara metil ester:natrium bisulfit sebesar 1:3 yang menghasilkan surfaktan metil ester sulfonat dengan yield 98.667%, densitas sebesar 0.8657 gr/ml, viskositas kinematik sebesar 3.7507 cSt, pH 2.12, dan tegangan permukaan 27.1033 dyne/cm, dan nilai HLB sebesar 12.2508. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode sulfonasi dengan menggunakan microwave lebih efektif dan efisien dibandingkan metode konvensional yang membutuhkan waktu yang lama. ======================================================================================================= Surfactants are organic compounds that can lower surface tension values and are widely used as detergents, emulsifiers, soaps, shampoos, dispersants, paints, inks, insecticides, and others. Surfactants can be produced from vegetable materials, namely palm oil through the sulfonation process. Its abundant availability and content as a raw material for making surfactants have garnered considerable attention. The use of vegetable oil-based surfactants is needed because these surfactants are easily biodegradable and do not damage the environment and use renewable materials. In addition, microwave assistance is used as a heat source in the methyl ester sulfonate sulfonation process because microwave technology is an efficient and effective heating process so that the required sulfonation time is faster because microwaves emit heat waves which help the reaction to occur quickly. The purpose of this study was to study the manufacturing process and characteristics of the anionic surfactant methyl ester sulfonate from palm oil using a microwave through the transesterification process of palm oil into methyl ester and sulfonation of methyl ester to methyl ester sulfonate by studying the effect of reaction time parameters, the weight of CaO catalyst, temperature. sulfonation, as well as the mole ratio between methyl ester and NaHSO3, as well as determining the kinetics model of the sulfonation of methyl esters using a microwave. Based on the research results, the optimum conditions were obtained at the sulfonation time for 40 minutes, the catalyst concentration was 1.5%, the reaction temperature was 100oC, and the ratio between methyl ester: sodium bisulfite was 1: 3 which produced surfactant methyl ester sulfonate with a yield of 98.667%, a density of 0.8657 gr/ml, kinematic viscosity of 3.7507 cSt, pH 2.12, and surface tension of 27.1033 dyne/cm, and the HLB value of 12.2508. So it can be concluded that the sulfonation method using microwave is more effective and efficient than conventional methods which require a longer time.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | surfactant, palm oil, methyl ester, methyl ester sulfonate, microwave, surfaktan, minyak sawit, metil ester, metil ester sulfonat, microwave. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD502 Chemical kinetics T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP994 Surface active agents. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Sahiba Sahila |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Mar 2021 08:16 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Mar 2021 08:16 |
| URI: | https://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/83437 |
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