Recovery Amonium Dan Fosfat Pada Limbah Urin Menggunakan Elektrodialisis Dengan Anoda Magnesium

Rum, Mas Den (2021) Recovery Amonium Dan Fosfat Pada Limbah Urin Menggunakan Elektrodialisis Dengan Anoda Magnesium. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Limbah urin menyumbang sejumlah besar nutrien dalam air limbah yakni sebesar 70-80% nitrogen dan 50% fosfor padahal urin hanya mewakili 1% volume dari total volume limbah domestik. Pemisahan urin dari air limbah memiliki banyak keuntungan diantaranya ialah menekan biaya dan tenaga yang dibutuhkan untuk transportasi dan pengolahan air limbah domestik. Selain itu, recovery nutrien yang terkandung dalam urin seperti amonium dan fosfat berpotensi besar menjadi sumber nutrien yang berkelanjutan di saat kebutuhan akan nutrien terus meningkat mengingat fosfor merupakan sumber daya yang tidak dapat diperbarui yang diperkirakan akan habis dalam 45-100 tahun yang akan datang. Sedangkan nitrogen melimpah di atmosfer (78%) dalam kondisi sangat stabil dan tidak reaktif sehingga pemanfaatan dalam bentuk reaktif memerlukan energi fosil yang besar. Recovery amonium dan fosfat dalam limbah limbah urin dalam bentuk struvite telah banyak diteliti sebelumnya karena struvite atau MAP (Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate) merupakan slow release fertilizer yang memiliki efisiensi tinggi dengan mengendalikan laju pelepasan unsur hara. Namun recovery fosfat dalam bentuk struvite dari urin memerlukan tambahan magnesium (Mg) karena ketersediaan Mg yang kecil pada urin.
Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dilakukan recovery nutrien yaitu amonium dan fosfat pada limbah urin dengan proses elektrodialisis untuk memperoleh efisiensi penyisihan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium menggunakan reaktor elektrodialisis dengan tiga kompartemen yang dipisahkan oleh Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) dan Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM). Elektroda yang digunakan ialah magnesium sebagai anoda dan stainless steel sebagai katoda. Volume limbah urin yang diolah adalah 2L dengan sistem batch. Bahan uji yang digunakan adalah limbah urin sintetis yang diformulasikan di Laboratorium Departemen Teknik Lingkungan. Variabel yang ditetapkan adalah pH dan arus listrik dalam proses elektrodialisis yang ditentukan pada penelitian pendahuluan. Parameter yang akan diteliti adalah pH, COD, konsentrasi amonium, konsentrasi fosfat dan konsentrasi magnesium.
Karakteristik imbah urin yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini memiliki pH 6,7-9,1, COD 840-1260 mg/L, 1112-2438 mg NH4-N/L, 454-609 mg PO4-P/L, dan 50 mg Mg/L. Pada penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan penyisihan NH4+ terbesar yaitu 42,35% (2,445 gram) dari penerapan variasi pH 8,5 dan kuat arus listrik 300 mA. Sedangkan penyisihan PO43- terbesar didapatkan dari penerapan pH 8,5 dan kuat arus 450 mA yaitu sebesar 28,48% (1,057 gram). Struvite yang dihasilkan dari proses elektrokimia pada kisaran pH 7,5-9,3 memiliki kemurnian tinggi (lebih dari 90%) dengan bentuk struvite yaitu memanjang, dengan pola berbentuk jarum, serta bertepi halus dan tajam. Analisis EDX menghasilkan grafik mikroanalis yang dapat menunjukkan unsur dominan dalam presipitat.
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Urine wastewater contributes a large number of nutrients in wastewater, which is 70-80% nitrogen and 50% phosphorus whereas urine only represents 1% by volume of the total volume of domestic waste. Separation of urine from wastewater has many advantages including reduced the costs and labor required for transportation and domestic wastewater treatment. In addition, the recovery of nutrients contained in urine such as ammonium and phosphate has great potential to become a sustainable source of nutrients when the need of nutrients continues to increase considering that phosphorus is a non-renewable resource that is expected to be exhausted in the next 45-100 years. While nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere (78%) in a very stable and unreactive condition so that its use in reactive form requires a large amount of fossil energy. The recovery of ammonium and phosphate in urine wastewater in the form of struvite has been studied previously because struvite or MAP (Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate) is a slow release fertilizer that has high efficiency by controlling the rate of nutrient release. However, recovery of phosphate in the form of struvite from urine requires additional magnesium (Mg) because of the low concentration of Mg in the urine.
Therefore, in this study, the recovery of nutrients, namely ammonium and phosphate in urine wastewater, was carried out by electrodialysis to obtain high removal efficiency. This research was conducted on a laboratory scale using an electrodialysis reactor with three compartments separated by an Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) and a Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM). The electrodes used were magnesium as anode and stainless steel as cathode. The volume of processed urine wastewater is 2L in batch system. The material used in this research is synthetic urine which is formulated in the Laboratory of the Department of Environmental Engineering. The variables determined were pH and electric current in the electrodialysis process determined in the preliminary study. The parameters to be studied are pH, COD, ammonium concentration, phosphate concentration and magnesium concentration.
The urine wastewater characteristics used in this study had a pH of 6,7-9,1, COD 840-1260 mg/L, 1112-2438 mg NH4-N/L, 454-609 mg PO4-P/L, and 50 mg Mg. /L. In the research that has been done, it was found that the largest NH4+ removal was 42,35% (2,445 grams) from the application of a pH variation of 8,5 and an electric current of 300 mA. Meanwhile, the largest PO43- removal was obtained from the application of pH 8,5 and an electric current of 450 mA, which was 28.48% (1,057 grams). Struvite produced from an electrochemical process at a pH range of 7,5-9,3 has a high purity (more than 90%) with a struvite shape that is elongated, with a needle-shaped pattern, and has smooth and sharp edges. EDX analysis produces a microanalyst graph that can show the dominant element in the precipitate.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	amonium, anoda magnesium, elektrodialisis, fosfat, urin, ammonium, magnesium anode, electrodialysis, phosphate, urine
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD480.5 Electrodialysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Mas Den Rum
Date Deposited:	09 Aug 2021 01:41
Last Modified:	09 Aug 2021 01:41
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/85166

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