Kajian Literatur Perbandingan Mekanisme Penyisihan Mikroplastik pada Pengolahan Air Minum Menggunakan Teknologi Membran dan Ozonasi Terintegrasi dengan Filtrasi

Rahayu, Dewi Puji (2021) Kajian Literatur Perbandingan Mekanisme Penyisihan Mikroplastik pada Pengolahan Air Minum Menggunakan Teknologi Membran dan Ozonasi Terintegrasi dengan Filtrasi. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Mikroplastik telah mencemari berbagai wilayah perairan seperti air sungai, air limbah dan pada akhirnya bermuara di lautan. Mikroplastik berbahaya bagi kehidupan biota perairan maupun manusia. Mikroplastik dapat masuk ke tubuh manusia melalui konsumsi biota air yang tercemar mikroplastik dan air minum. Berbagai teknologi diterapkan untuk menyisihkan mikroplastik dalam air, diantaranya teknologi membran dan teknologi ozonasi terintegrasi dengan filtrasi. Namun kajian literatur mengenai metode yang paling tepat untuk menghilangkan mikroplastik pada air minum di antara kedua teknologi tersebut belum tersedia. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menentukan karakteristik dan jenis mikroplastik yang terdapat pada air minum, (2) membandingkan mekanisme penyisihan mikroplastik pada pengolahan air minum menggunakan teknologi membran dan ozonasi terintegrasi dengan filtrasi, serta (3) membandingkan keunggulan dan kelemahan penyisihan mikroplastik pada kedua teknologi tersebut.
Kajian pustaka bersumber dari buku teks, jurnal ilmiah nasional dan internasional, serta referensi ilmiah lain yang berhubungan dengan ide studi. Pembatasan dilakukan dengan mengutamakan pengolahan di negara berkembang. Data yang diperlukan untuk analisis dan pembahasan meliputi karakteristik, efisiensi penyisihan dan kelimpahan mikroplastik. Pembahasan meliputi proses dan mekanisme penyisihan mikroplastik serta perbandingan kelebihan dan kekurangan antara kedua teknologi.
Hasil kajian literatur menunjukkan bahwa, kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air baku sebesar 17-7000 partikel/L dan pada air produksi mencapai 2–1401 partikel/L. Jenis polimer penyusun mikroplastik di air minum didominasi oleh PET, PE, PP, polyester, selulosa asetat, dan LDPE. Adapun, bentuk paling dominan adalah serat (fiber) dan fragmen. Range ukuran mikroplastik di air minum sangat bervariasi, yaitu 1 µm – 5 mm. Penelitian mengenai warna mikroplastik sangat jarang dilakukan. Pada teknologi membran ultrafiltrasi dan mikrofiltrasi mekanisme proses penyisihan mikroplastik terjadi melalui proses penyaringan akibat perbedaan ukuran antara partikel mikroplastik dengan ukuran pori membran. Sementara, pada teknologi ozonasi tidak terjadi penyisihan mikroplastik melainkan partikel berubah menjadi bentuk yang lebih kecil yang dipisahkan dengan mekanisme penyaringan dan adsorpsi pada tahap filtrasi. Teknologi membran lebih unggul dalam menyisihkan mikroplastik dibandingkan dengan teknologi ozonasi terintegrasi dengan filtrasi terutama pada aspek efisiensi penyisihan sebesar 91-100%, selektivitas, biaya, kemudahan operasional dan maintenance serta, efisiensi ruang.
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Microplastics have polluted various aquatic areas such as river, sewage and ultimately flowed into the oceans. Microplastics are harmful to marine and human life. Microplastics can enter the human body through the consumption of contaminated aquatic biota and drinking water. Various technologies were applied to remove microplastics in the water, including membrane technology and ozonation technology integrated with filtration. However, a literature review on the most appropriate method for removing microplastics in drinking water between both technologies is still unknown. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine the characteristic and polymer types of microplastics in drinking water, (2) to compare the mechanism of microplastics removal in water treatment using membrane technology and integrated ozonation with filtration, and (3) to compare the advantages and disadvantages of microplastic removal using both technologies.
Literature studies sources were textbooks, national and international scientific journals, and other scientific references related to study ideas. The process from developing countries was the priority. Required data for the analysis and discussion included characteristics of microplastics, microplastics removal efficiency, and the abundance of microplastics. This study covered discussion concerning microplastics removal process mechanism and compared the advantages and disadvantages of both technologies.
The results of the studies showed that the abundance of microplastics in raw water were 17-7000 particles/L and reached 2-1401 particles/L in drinking water. The types of microplastics polymers in drinking water were dominated by PET, PE, PP, polyester, cellulose acetate, and LDPE. Meanwhile, the most dominant forms were fibers and fragments. The distribution of microplastics size ranges in drinking water varied considerably (1 µm - 5 mm). Research on the color of microplastics was scarce. In ultrafiltration and microfiltration, removal of microplastics occurred through a filtering process due to the size difference between the particles and the membrane pore size. Meanwhile, ozonation technology could not remove microplastics, but the particle broke down into smaller forms and separated by filtering and adsorption mechanisms at the filtration stage. Membrane technology had better performance than integrated ozonation technology in terms of efficiency removal reached 91-100%, filter selectivity, ease of operation and maintenance as well as space efficiency

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Mikroplastik, Mikrofiltrasi, Ozonasi, Pengolahan Air, Ultrafiltrasi ====================================================================================== Microplastics, Microfiltration, Ozonation, Water Treatment, Ultrafiltration
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Dewi Puji Rahayu
Date Deposited:	09 Aug 2021 05:02
Last Modified:	09 Aug 2021 05:02
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/85224

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