Konsep Peningkatan Kapasitas Respon Masyarakat pada Masa Tanggap Darurat terhadap Gempa Bumi di Kelurahan Dukuh Kupang, Kota Surabaya

Putri, Andhini Rosari (2021) Konsep Peningkatan Kapasitas Respon Masyarakat pada Masa Tanggap Darurat terhadap Gempa Bumi di Kelurahan Dukuh Kupang, Kota Surabaya. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Ketidaksiapan masyarakat dalam merespon dampak bencana gempa bumi dapat meningkatkan jumlah korban jiwa dikarenakan masyarakat merupakan pihak pertama yang berhadapan dengan ancaman serta menjadi pelaku penting yang dapat mengurangi kerentanan. Dari sisi kelembagaan, Kota Surabaya memiliki indeks ketahanan merespon potensi gempa bumi rendah (2,58 dari 5) dan Indeks Ketahanan Masyarakat Kelurahan Dukuh Kupang tergolong rendah (0,33 dari 1). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dibutuhkan untuk menyusunn konsep peningkatan kapasitas respon masyarakat pada masa tanggap darurat sehingga lebih siap menghadapi potensi gempa bumi yang akan terjadi.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kombinasi kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan 3 sasaran yaitu penilaian kapasitas respon masyarakat di masa tanggap darurat, identifikasi kriteria peningkatan kapasitas respon dan formulasi konsep peningkatan kapasitas respon. Sasaran 1 dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif (Likert), sasaran 2 menggunakan analisis deskriptif sedangkan sasaran 3 menggunakan validasi triangulasi dengan membandingkan 3 sumber yaitu opini stakeholder, best practice, dan pedoman/ kebijakan.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kapasitas respon Aparat Kelurahan Dukuh Kupang dan masyarakat umum keduanya tergolong rendah yaitu aparat sebesar 2,18 dari 5 dan masyarakat sebesar 2,05 dari 5. Kemudian penelitian menghasilkan 32 kriteria terkait peningkatan pemahaman dan keterampilan kedaruratan dengan pemberian materi pencerdasan, pelatihan, menyusun rencana kesiapsiagaan keluarga dan penyelamatan keluarga di masa kedaruratan dan terdapat relawan bencana. Ketersediaan instrumen peringatan dini mempertimbangkan kebutuhan alat pendeteksi, SOP sebagai sistem validasi peringatan dan uji coba instrumen peringatan dini. Ketersediaan rencana evakuasi terdiri dari titik kumpul, jalur evakuasi, bangunan/tempat pengungsian dengan mempertimbangkan keamanan, kapasitas, dan kemudahan pihak luar mengjangkau lokasi serta penyediaan peta evakuasi harus memuat jalur evakuasi, titik kumpul dan tempat pengungsian. Sedangkan sasaran 3 menghasilkan konsep peningkatan kapasitas respon pada masa tanggap darurat dibagi ke dalam 3 fase bencana. Pada fase mitigasi konsep yang dihasilkan berfokus pada pengembangan kapasitas diri (self capacity development) agar masyarakat mandiri memiliki respon baik dalam menghadapi gempa yang datangnya mendadak. Pada fase kesiapsiagaan, lebih difokuskan pada pengaktifan segala persiapan yang dilakukan pada fase mitigasi. Sementara pada fase tanggap darurat, konsepnya difokuskan pada coping strategy agar masyarakat dapat bertahan hidup saat kondisi darurat secara mandiri pada saat kejadian dan beberapa hari setelah gempa ketika bantuan tidak dapat langsung datang.
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The community unpreparedness in responding to earthquake disasters can lead to increased number of victims, because the community is the first party to deal with the threats and plays important role that can reduce risks. Viewed from the institutional side, Surabaya has a low earthquake resistance index (2.58 out of 5) and Dukuh Kupang village also has low resistance index (0.33 out of 1). Therefore, this research is needed to develop the concept of increasing community response capacity during emergency response periods for better preparedness in facing the risk of earthquake disasters that might occur.
This research employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative design with 3 objectives, namely the assessment of community response capacity during emergency response periods, identification of criteria for increasing response capacity, and formulation of concept for increasing response capacity. Objective 1 was analyzed using descriptive statistics (Likert), Objective 2 was using descriptive analysis, while Objective 3 was triangulation validation by comparing 3 sources consisting of stakeholder opinions, best practices, and guidelines/policies.
The research results revealed that the response capacity of Dukuh Kupang village officers and the community were both low, 2.18 out of 5 and 2.05 out of 5 respectively. This research obtained 32 criteria related to improvement of understanding and emergency skills by providing educating materials, training, preparing family preparedness plans, rescuing families in emergency periods, and the availability of volunteers. The availability of early warning instruments took into account the need for detection equipment, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) as warning validation system, and trials of early warning instruments. The availability of evacuation plan consisted of gathering points, evacuation routes, buildings or evacuation areas by considering the security, capacity, and location convenience for outsiders to reach, and the provision of evacuation maps must contain evacuation routes, gathering points, and evacuation sites. Meanwhile, Objective 3 produced the concept of increasing response capacity during emergency response periods, categorized into 3 disaster phases. In the mitigation phase, the resulting concept focused on self-capacity development to ensure the community self-reliance and having good responses in dealing with sudden earthquakes. In the preparedness phase, it was focused on activating all preparations made in the mitigation phase. While in the emergency response phase, the concept was focused on coping strategies so that the community can survive in an emergency situation independently, both at the time and several days after earthquake disasters, when assistance and aid cannot come immediately.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kapasitas Respon Masyarakat, Tanggap Darurat, Gempa Bumi, Community Response Capacity, Emergency Response, Earthquake
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HT Communities. Classes. Races > HT133 City and Towns. Land use,urban
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Regional & Urban Planning > 35201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Andhini Rosari Putri
Date Deposited:	23 Aug 2021 01:43
Last Modified:	23 Aug 2021 01:43
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/88603

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