Analisa Torsional Rigidity dan Bending Stiffness pada Bus Elektrik PUI-SKO ITS Konversi ICE ke BEV dengan Variasi Cross Member

Wahyudi, Bacharuddin Yusuf (2021) Analisa Torsional Rigidity dan Bending Stiffness pada Bus Elektrik PUI-SKO ITS Konversi ICE ke BEV dengan Variasi Cross Member. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Perkembangan jumlah transportasi kian hari makin meningkat. Mulai dari kendaraan pribadi hingga kendaraan umum tiap tahunnya sama sama meningkat. Hal ini dikarenakan populasi yang terus bertambah di kota-kota besar di Indonesia dan juga peningkatan ekonomi. Hal ini berdampak pada padatnya populasi kendaraan di jalanan sehingga pemerintah membuat aturan-aturan pembatasan termasuk pembatasan penggunakan kendaraan pribadi dan beralih ke transportasi umum. Salah satu transportasi umum yang digunakan adalah bus. Namun bus yang beredar saat ini mayoritas masih menggunakan bahan bakar fosil yang mana akan berdampak buruk untuk lingkungan. Oleh karena itu ITS melalui PUI-SKO memiliki project untuk membuat bus listrik. Dengan menggunakan chassis dari bus combustion engine yangmana ini nantinya akan dikonversi menjadi chassis untuk bus electric vehicle ini akan menjadi solusi. Tentunya ladder frame yang digunakan akan memiliki berbagai perbedaan dikarenakan perbedaan pada beban-beban yang dialami. Karakteristik chassis pun juga berubah salah satunya adalah torsional rigidity dan bending stiffness.
Metode yang digunakan pada analisa ini adalah dengan metode simulasi 3D dengan menggunakan software ANSYS Workbench. Pemodelan chassis yang digunakan adalah pemodelan ketika chassis masih ICE, setelah konversi ke BEV, dan modifikasi chassis BEV ke baterai tengah. Material yang digunakan dalam simulasi ini adalah ASTM A36. Perhitungan kekakuan dibagi menjadi dua yakni kekakuan akibat torsi dan kekakuan akibat bending. Beban yang digunakan untuk kekakuan torsi merupakan besaran gaya yang ditumpu pada tiap roda (0.25 gross vehicle weight) dan beban bending yang diberikan merupakan beban yang ditumpu oleh chassis (payload). Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan defleksi yang kemudian digunakan untuk menghitung kekakuan.
Analisis yang dilakukan didapatkan bahwa chassis ICE atau chassis sebelum dikonversi ke BEV memiliki nilai torsional rigidity dan bending stiffness yang terkecil dibandingkan dengan model yang lainnya. Sedangkan untuk nilai terbesar torsional rigidity adalah chassis dengan konfigurasi baterai tengah. Untuk bending stiffness tertinggi dimiliki oleh chassis BEV konfigurasi baterai samping. Cross member yang bervariasi memberikan pengaruh cukup signifikan terhadap nilai kekakuan torsi. Didapatkan bahwa cross member dengan bentuk tubular memiliki kekakuan yang lebih baik terhadap chassis jika dibandingkan hollow square dan combination cross member. Namun variasi ini tidak berdampak signifikan untuk nilai kekakuan bending.
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The development of the number of transportation is increasing day by day. Starting from private vehicles to public transportation each year is increasing. This is because the population continues to grow in big cities in Indonesia and also increases the economy. This has an impact on the dense population of vehicles on the streets so that the government makes restrictions including restrictions on the use of private vehicles and switching to public transportation. One of the public transportation used is bus. However, the majority of buses currently circulating still use fossil fuels, which will have a bad impact on the environment. Therefore, ITS through PUI-SKO has a project to make an electric bus. By using a chassis from a bus combustion engine which will later be converted into a chassis for an electric vehicle bus, this will be a solution. Of course the ladder frame used will have various differences due to differences in the loads experienced. Chassis characteristics have also changed, one of which is torsional rigidity and bending stiffness.
The method used in this analysis is the 3D simulation method using ANSYS Workbench software. The chassis modeling used is modeling when the chassis is still ICE, after conversion to BEV, and modification of the BEV chassis to the middle battery. The material used in this simulation is ASTM A36. Calculation of stiffness is divided into two, namely stiffness due to torsion and stiffness due to bending. The load used for torsional stiffness is the amount of force supported on each wheel (0.25 gross vehicle weight) and the bending load given is the load supported by the chassis (payload). From the simulation results obtained deflection which is then used to calculate stiffness.
The analysis carried out found that the ICE chassis or chassis before being converted to BEV had the smallest torsional rigidity and bending stiffness values compared to other models. Meanwhile, the largest value for torsional rigidity is the chassis with the middle battery configuration. For the highest bending stiffness, the BEV chassis has a side battery configuration. Varied cross members have a significant effect on the value of torsional stiffness. It was found that the cross member with tubular shape has better rigidity to the chassis when compared to the hollow square and combination cross member. However, this variation does not have a significant impact on the value of bending stiffness.

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords: bending stiffness, cross member, torsional rigidity
Subjects: T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation
T Technology > TE Highway engineering. Roads and pavements > TE7 Transportation--Planning
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ230 Machine design
T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics
T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL220 Electric vehicles and their batteries, etc.
T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL221.5 Hybrid Vehicles. Hybrid cars
T Technology > TS Manufactures
T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS170 New products. Product Development
T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS171 Product design
Divisions: Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User: Bacharuddin Yusuf Wahyudi
Date Deposited: 26 Aug 2021 02:55
Last Modified: 26 Aug 2021 02:55
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/89499

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