Estimasi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dari Sampah Rumah Tangga di Kecamatan Bula, Kota Surabaya dengan Metode IPCC

Romawati, Wahyu Eka (2018) Estimasi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dari Sampah Rumah Tangga di Kecamatan Bula, Kota Surabaya dengan Metode IPCC. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Persoalan sampah berkontribusi secara signifikan dalam peningkatan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) yang dapat menyebabkan pemanasan global. Sampah yang ditimbun akan mengalami dekomposisi dan menghasilkan emisi. Kecamatan Bulak merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Surabaya Utara yang berpotensi menghasilkan emisi GRK dari sampah dalam jumlah besar. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan laju timbulan dan komposisi sampah rumah tangga, mengestimasi emisi GRK dengan pendekatan IPCC, serta menentukan rekomendasi strategi kebijakan pengelolaan sampah untuk mengurangi emisi GRK dari sampah rumah tangga di Kecamatan Bulak melalui metode analisis SWOT.
Pengukuran data timbulan dan komposisi sampah dilakukan dengan metode load count analysis berdasarkan SNI 19–3964–1994 tentang metode pengambilan dan pengukuran contoh timbulan dan komposisi sampah perkotaan. Pengambilan dan pengukuran contoh timbulan dan komposisi sampah dilakukan di setiap TPS selama 8 kali.
Perhitungan emisi GRK menggunakan metode IPCC untuk mengestimasi emisi karbon dioksida (CO2), metana (CH4), dan dinitrogen oksida (N2O) yang didasarkan dari tiga skenario yang telah ditentukan. Skenario 1 estimasi GRK dari sampah rumah tangga pada tahun 2020 sesuai kondisi eksisting tahun 2018 (tidak ada reduksi sampah), skenario 2 estimasi GRK dengan adanya program Indonesia Bebas Sampah 2020,kegiatan 3R sesuai target pemerintah (20% sampah tereduksi), skenario 3 estimasi GRK dengan adanya program Indonesia Bebas Sampah 2020, kegiatan 3R mencapai kondisi ideal. Informasi mengenai pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner dengan target responden adalah masyarakat dan tokoh pemegang kebijakan seperti pihak dinas kebersihan, pihak kecamatan, pihak kelurahan, dan ketua RT/RW dari setiap kelurahan.
Laju timbulan sampah rumah tangga di Kecamatan Bulak adalah 0,414 kg/orang.hari. Komposisi sampah rumah tangga terdiri dari sampah sisa makanan 41,26 %; sampah kebun dan taman 5,37%; sampah campuran 10,73%; plastik 10,86%; kayu 3,16%; kertas 5,86%; tekstil 2,13% ; nappies (disposable diapers) 13,03% ; karet 0,69%; kulit 0,12%; logam 0,29% ; gelas 2,31%; dan sampah lain-lain 4,18%. Hasil estimasi emisi GRK dari skenario 1, 2, dan 3 secara berturut- turut sebesar 616,54 ton CO2(eq), 487,60 ton CO2(eq), dan 321,84 ton CO2(eq). Strategi kebijakan pengelolaan sampah untuk mengurangi emisi GRK dari sampah rumah tangga meliputi pembentukan lembaga pengelola sampah berbasis masyarakat, penambahan sarana persampahan, peningkatan peran aktif stakeholder, dan optimalisasi peran kader lingkungan.
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Problems in solid waste management contribute significant increase of Green House Gas (GHG) emission, which leads to global warming. Biodegradable solid waste will decompose and generate gas emission. Bulak District is one of the districts in Northern Surabaya, which is potential to produce high GHG emission from the solid waste. This study aims to determine household solid waste (HSW) generation rate and composition in Bulak District, to estimate GHG emission using IPCC method, and to recommend HSW management strategy for minimizing GHG emission from HSW using SWOT analysis method.
The HSW generation rate and waste composition were measured using load count analysis method based on the National Standard SNI 19–3964–1994 concerning Methods for Municipal Solid Waste Generation Rate and Composition Measurements. The HSW generation rate and composition were measured 8 times in each transfer depot.
GHG emission was calculated according to IPCC method in order to estimate emission from carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). This calculation is based on predetermined three scenarios. Scenario 1 was GHG estimation from HSW in existing condition (2018), where no reduction effort was undertaken; scenario 2 was GHG estimation which referred to Indonesian Zero Waste Program (IZWP) 2020 and current 3R community potential, where 20% of HSW was reduced; scenario 3 was GHG estimation with IZWP 2020, where 3R communal activity worked in ideal condition. Information about HSW management practices were collected through questionnaires, which were distributed to selected respondents, such as Cleansing Agency staff, District and Sub-District officers, environmental cadres, and community leaders from each sub-district
The HSW generation rate in Bulak District was 0.414 kg/person.day. The HSW was composed of food waste 41.26%; yard waste 5.37%; mixed biodegradable waste 10.73%; plastic 10.86%; wood 3.16%; paper 5.86%; textile 2.13%; disposable diapers 13.03%; rubber 0.69%; leather 0.12%; metal 0.29%; glass 2.31%; and others 4.18%. The estimated GHG emissions according to scenarios 1, 2, and 3 were 616.54, 487.60, and 321.84 tons CO2(eq), respectively. The recommended HSW management strategy for reducing GHG emission included formation of community based HSW management agencies, increasing the number of solid waste facilities, encouraging active participation of stakeholders, and optimizing environment cadres.

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate)
Additional Information: RSL 628.44 Rom e-1 3100018075841
Uncontrolled Keywords: Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca, IPCC, Sampah Rumah Tangga, SWOT, Green house Gas Emission, IPCC, Household Solid Waste, SWOT
Subjects: T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Divisions: Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Theses
Depositing User: Wahyu Eka Romawati
Date Deposited: 25 Jul 2018 06:29
Last Modified: 16 Oct 2020 03:57
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/53413

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