Kajian Dampak Lingkungan Proses Produksi Listrik di PLTGU PT X Dengan Menggunakan Metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Najja, Sabilla (2021) Kajian Dampak Lingkungan Proses Produksi Listrik di PLTGU PT X Dengan Menggunakan Metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pada proses produksi listrik di Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga dan Uap (PLTGU) PT X memiliki dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan karena hampir setiap unit proses produksi listrik menghasilkan gas emisi berupa zat pencemar udara dan gas rumah kaca (GRK). Seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan energi listrik setiap tahunnya maka dampak yang ditimbulkan juga semakin meningkat. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya evaluasi dampak terhadap lingkungan untuk menentukan prioritas penanganan dan strategi alternatif untuk mengurangi dampak. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dampak lingkungan pada proses produksi listrik di PLTGU adalah Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi besaran dampak lingkungan berdasarkan data bahan baku, bahan kimia, bahan bakar yang digunakan, serta produk dan emisi yang dihasilkan dengan batasan lingkup proses penelitian adalah gate to gate. Dalam analisis LCA menggunakan aplikasi SimaPro 9.1.1 metode yang digunakan metode CML-IA Baseline dengan pendekatan midpoint yang meliputi kategori dampak global warming (GWP 100a), ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, human tocxicity, fresh water aquatic ecotox, marine aquatic ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation dan eco-toxicity. Hasil dari analisis LCA tersebut digunakan untuk memprakirakan alternatif perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mereduksi dampak yang terjadi pada proses produksi listrik berdasarkan prioritas penanganan.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis LCA, kategori dampak global warming (GWP 100a) sebagai dampak tertinggi dengan nilai
dampak sebesar 1,51 kg CO2 eq/kwh, acidification sebagai dampak tertinggi kedua 0,0013 kg SO2 eq/kwh, dan marine aquatic ecotoxicity 2,35 kg 1,4-DB eq/kwh sebagai dampak tertinggi ketiga. Unit proses yang menghasilkan dampak terbesar selama proses produksi listrik berasal dari unit combustion chamber. Beberapa program alternatif yang direkomendasikan untuk mengurangi potensi dampak lingkungan antara lain ialah penerapan teknologi absorpsi chiller, selective catalytic reduction, dan amine scrubbing. Berdasarkan hasil analisis program alternatif yang diperkirakan dapat menurunkan dampak paling besar pada proses produksi listrik di PLTGU adalah teknologi amine scrubbing dengan presentase penurunan dampak global warming (GWP 100a) sekitar 42%.
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The electricity production process at the PT X Power and Steam Power Plant (PLTGU) has a negative impact on the environment because almost every unit of the electricity production process produces gas emissions such as air pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHG). Along with the increasing demand for electrical energy every year, the impact is also increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the environmental impacts to determine the priority of handling and alternative strategies to reduce the impact. The method is used to evaluate the environmental impact of the electricity production process at the combined cycle power plant is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).
This research was conducted by identifying the environmental impact based on data on raw materials, chemicals, fuels used, as well as products and the resulting emissions produced with the limitation of the scope of the research process is gate to gate. In the LCA analysis was carried out using SimaPro 9.1.1 software with midpoint–based assessment that uses CML-IA Baseline method which includes the categories of global warming (GWP 100a) impacts, ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation, and eco-toxicity. The results of the LCA analysis can be used to predict the alternative improvements that can be made to reduce the impact that occurs in the electricity production process based on handling priorities.
Based on the results of the LCA analysis, global warming (GWP 100a) is the highest impact with an impact value of 1,51 kg CO2 eq, acidification as the second highest impact 0,0013 kg SO2 eq, and marine aquatic ecotoxicity 2,35 kg 1,4-DB eq as the third

highest impact. The biggest impact during the electricity production process came from the combustion chamber unit. The reason is due to the combustion process in that unit, so the emissions produced are the highest than other units. The alternative programs that can be used to reduce the potential impacts are the absorption chiller technology, selective catalytic reduction and amine scrubber. Based on the results of the analysis of alternative programs that can reduce the greatest impact on the electricity production process at the PLTGU is the amine scrubbing technology with a percentage reduction in the impact of global warming (GWP 100a) of about 42%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bahan Bakar Gas, CML-IA Baseline, LCA, PLTGU, SimaPro, CML-IA Baseline, Gas Fuel, Gas and Steam Combined Cycle Power Plant, LCA, SimaPro
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Sabilla najja
Date Deposited:	09 Aug 2021 01:18
Last Modified:	09 Aug 2021 01:18
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/85143

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