Khoiriyah, Lilik (2021) Analisis Teknis Dan Ekonomis Perancangan Kapal Mini LNG Carrier 10.000 DWT Di Wilayah Papua. Undergraduate thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Beberapa tahun terakhir energi alternatif menjadi salah satu perhatian pemerintah Indonesia karena meningkatnya kebutuhan energi dan berkurangnya cadangan bahan bakar minyak. LNG dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dengan pertimbangan energi hijau. Hal ini sesuai dengan KEPMEN No. 13 K/13/ MEM/2020 tentang penyediaan pasokan serta konversi bahan bakar minyak dengan LNG. Adanya sumber LNG yang terpisah dari terminal penerima membuat distribusi LNG menjadi lebih sulit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang kapal mini LNG berkapasitas 10.000 Cbm yang mampu mendistribusikan LNG di Wilayah Papua, mengingat pembangunan instalasi pipa gas tidak memungkinkan karena kondisi geografis, luas wilayah dan tingginya investasi ekonomi. Pendekatan desain parametrik dengan metode regresi linier digunakan untuk menentukan dimensi utama kapal. Perangkat lunak Maxsurf digunakan untuk memverifikasi tahanan kapal dan stabilitas intact. Desain tangki LNG tipe C-independen menggunakan prinsip two-dimensional berdasarkan IGC dan ketebalan dengan standar pressure vessel. Payback Period, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Return On Investment (ROI), dan Net Present Value (NPV) sebagai variabel indikator kelayakan ekonomi. Kajian perancangan konseptual ini terdiri dari lines plan, general arrangement, analisis tahanan, analisis stabilitas intact, desain layout berthing, perancangan tangki LNG tipe C-independen dan analisis ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan principal dimension kapal yang optimal dan hasil analisis tahanan kapal menggunakan perbandingan perhitungan numerik dan software Maxsurf. Analisis stabilitas intact sesuai dengan 6 kriteria standar IMO A.749 dalam 3 skenario yaitu full load, ballast arrival, dan empty cargo. Hasil desain containment system tangki LNG tipe C-independen menggunakan material austenitic stainless steel SS304/SS304L dengan internal design pressure dan Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) adalah 5 bar. Hasil perhitungan layout dermaga untuk berthing kapal mini LNG menunjukkan nilai depth of basin adalah 7,8 meter, turning basin adalah 540 meter, panjang dermaga adalah 202,5 meter dan lebar 75 meter, catwalk 1,7 meter, loading platform 25 meter, jarak MD outer dan inner adalah 200 meter dan 108 meter. Dan terakhir, hasil kajian ekonomi dari distribusi gas menggunakan kapal mini LNG pada 10 margin menunjukkan bahwa investasi dikategorikan layak secara finansial dengan margin minimal US$ 4/mmbtu yang menghasilkan payback period 9,08 tahun, IRR 9,08%, ROI 11,01%, dan NPV positif sebesar $10,779. 637,51 pada akhir tahun ke 20.
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In recent years, alternative energy has become one of the concerns of the Indonesian government due to the increasing demand for energy and decreasing reserves of fuel oil. LNG can be used as an alternative fuel with green energy considerations. This is in accordance with KEPMEN No. 13 K/13/ MEM/2020 concerning the provision of supply and conversion of fuel oil with LNG. The existence of a separate LNG source from the receiving terminal makes LNG distribution more difficult. The purpose of this research is to design a mini LNG ship with a capacity of 10,000 Cbm that is able to distribute LNG in the Papua, considering that the construction of a gas pipeline installation is not possible due to geographical conditions, wide area and high economic investment. Parametric design approach with linear regression method is used to determine the main dimensions of the ship. Maxsurf software was used to verify ship resistance and intact stability. The design of type C-independent LNG tank use two-dimensional principle based on IGC and thickness with pressure vessel standard. Payback Period, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Return On Investment (ROI), and Net Present Value (NPV) as indicator variables of economic feasibility. This conceptual design study consists of lines plan, general arrangement, resistance analysis, intact stability analysis, berthing design of mini LNG vessel, type c-independent tank design and economic analysis. The results showed the optimal principal dimension of the ship and the resistance analysis using comparison of numerical calculations and Maxsurf software analysis. The intact stability analysis complies with the 6 standard criteria of IMO A.749 in 3 scenarios, namely full load, ballast arrival, and empty cargo. Selected material for type C-Independent LNG tank is austenitic stainless steel SS304/SS304L with an internal design pressure and Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) of 5 Bar. The calculation of berthing design showed depth of basin is 7.8 meters, the turning basin is 540 meters, the length of the pier is 202.5 meters and 75 meters wide, catwalk is 1.7 meters, loading platform is 25 meters, MD distance outer and inner are 200 meters and 108 meters. And the last, the results of an economic study of gas distribution using mini LNG vessels at 10 margins showed that the investment is categorized as financially feasible with a minimum margin of US$ 4/mmbtu which results in a payback period of 9.08 years, IRR 9.08%, ROI 11.01 %, and a positive NPV of $10,779. 637.51 at the end of year 20.
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